农民合作社的基本能力对其规范程度的影响——以内蒙古多伦县为例

目的]文章旨在实证分析农牧交错区农民合作社的基本能力对合作社规范程度的影响,农民合作社大规模发展的同时,合作社中大量不规范现象的存在,致使合作社难以发挥组织农民互助合作的作用,也使国家对合作社的各项扶持惠农政策落空,严重影响了合作社事业的健康发展。目前对于合作社“规范性”问题的特征与成因的分析多以理论思辨和个案探讨为主,并且研究对象多是南方山地丘陵地带的农民合作社。方法]研究以农民合作社为对象,采用内蒙古自治区多伦县系统抽样得来的77个合作社横截面数据,通过系统收集的各合作社章程、惠顾返还数据及决策权分配情况作为合作社规范程度的考核指标。结果]合作社的股权结构、理事长身份、信用等级、政府项目支持和销售市场都会显著影响合作社的规范程度而合作社的内部社会关系和股东背景在合作社规范程度方面无显著影响,拥有更好的制度表现和更广的销售市场的合作社更可能是规范合作社。结论]合作社的基本能力对其规范程度有显著影响,农村能人担任理事长,并且股权结构更加平均分配的合作社更大概率是规范合作社。而外部支持如政府项目、信用等级和销售市场,对合作社规范程度也有显著影响。该研究从基本能力的角度进一步丰富和解释了农民合作社规范程度的影响因素,为农民合作社管理制度的完善提供了参考案例。

THE INFLUNCE OF THE BASIC CAPABILITIES OF FARMER COOPERATIVES ON THE DEGREE OF THERIR REGULATION——AN EXAMPLE FROM DUOLUN COUNTY IN INNER MONOGOLIA

Cooperatives are very important organizations in the development of agricultural production and rural economy,and are a new bright spot in the institutional innovation of agricultural operation organizations in China.With the large amount increase of cooperatives,the existence of a huge number of irregularities in cooperatives has made it difficult for cooperatives to play a role in organizing mutual assistance and cooperation among farmers,and has also resulted in the failure of the governmental support and benefits policies for cooperatives,which has seriously impeded the healthy development of cooperatives.Non-standard cooperative will occupy the development space of the neonatal and normal cooperatives,leading to inefficient or misallocation of resource allocations,and may mislead the future direction of cooperative development.This research aims to analyze how far is the standardization of cooperatives determined by the capabilities of cooperatives by taking 77 cooperatives'cross-sectional data from Duolun county in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in systematically as the object of study.The charter of cooperatives,data of dividend and the distribution of decision-making were used as the forms of assessment of cooperatives.The research showed that the cooperative's shareholding structure,the competent people,the credit rating,the project support from the government and the sales market attached to the standardization of cooperatives,and the cooperative which had the talented one in charge of the cooperative and equal distribution of shareholding were more likely to be normative,while the internal social relations and the background of shareholder had no significant effect on the normalization of the cooperatives.It also found that the cooperatives which have the more normalized system and a wider sales market are more likely to be more standard,which indicating that external support also has an essential impact on the standardization of cooperatives.The basic capabilities of farmer cooperatives have a significant impact on their degree of regulation.The competent people as chairman and the more evenly distributed ownership structure are more likely to standardize cooperatives.While,external support,such as government projects,credit rating and sales market,also has a significant impact on the degree of standardization of cooperatives.This study further enriches and explains the influencing factors of the standard degree of farmers'cooperatives from the perspective of basic ability,and provides a useful guideline for the improvement of the management system of farmers'cooperatives.