阿坝州小金县高原食用玫瑰生态气候分析与区划

目的]食用玫瑰是小金县近年来重点发展的特色产业,做好食用玫瑰园区选址气候论证和生产气象服务,对该产业的科学规划、生产布局、降本增产、减灾增收等有重要作用。方法]利用小金县1981—2015年的气象要素、近年来食用玫瑰生产情况和DEM地图等资料,运用数理统计、空间插值及最优分割法等GIS技术方法,对该县食用玫瑰气象条件的时空分布和主要气象灾害进行了系统性分析,选取并确定区划指标开展生态气候区划,计算各分区面积。结果]影响小金县高原食用玫瑰种植的主要生态气候因子是热量条件,其适生区海拔高度上限为3 500m;主要气象灾害有干旱、低温冷害、大风等,其中干旱的影响较大。适宜区和次适宜区沿主要河流呈枝状分布,适宜区主要分布在海拔2 800m的抚边河、沃日河、小金川、汗牛河等4条河流、坡度25°的河沟谷地区,面积约4 438hm~2;次适宜区主要分布在抚边河、沃日河、小金川、汗牛河等4条河流及支流两岸海拔2 800～3 000m、坡度35°的半山地带,面积约1.265万hm~2;海拔3 000m的山原和高山区为不适宜或不适生区。适宜栽培区总面积约1.709万hm~2,县域占比约3%,目前已栽培面积不足适宜栽培区的5%。结论]小金县海拔2 800m以下的4条主要河谷及半山区是高原玫瑰的主要规模适宜种植区,目前已开发的适宜区比重还很小,小金玫瑰还有很大的发展潜力。

ECOLOGICAL CLIMATE ANALYSIS AND REGIONALIZATION OF EDIBLE ROSE ON PLATEAU IN XIAOJIN COUNTY ABA PREFECTURE

Edible rose is a characteristic industry that Xiaojin county has been developing in recent years. Doing a good job in the selection of edible rose garden climate demonstration and production meteorological services plays an important role in scientific planning, production layout, cost reduction and increase production, disaster reduction and income increase of edible rose park. Based on the meteorological elements of Xiaojin county from 1981 to 2015, the production of edible rose in recent years, DEM map and other data, the spatial and temporal distribution of meteorological conditions and main meteorological disasters of edible rose in Xiaojin county were systematically analyzed by means of mathematical statistics, spatial interpolation and optimal segmentation method. And the regionalization indexes were selected and determined to carry out the ecological climate zoning, and the area of each division was calculated.The main ecological and climate factor affecting of Xiaojin county plateau rose cultivation was heat condition, and the altitude upper limit of the adaptability area was 3,500m above sea level. The main meteorological disasters were drought, low temperature and cold, strong wind, etc, among them, drought had a greater impact. Suitable areas and sub suitable areas were branched along major rivers, and the suitable areas were mainly distributed in four rivers such as Fubian River, Vori River, Xiaojinchuan river and Hanniu River with an elevation of less than 2,800m, and river valleys with a slope of less than 25°, with an area of about 4,438hm2; the sub suitable area was mainly distributed in the mid mountain area with an elevation of 2,800 ~ 3,000m and slope <35° on both sides of four rivers and tributaries, including Fubian River, Waori River, Xiaojinchuan and Hanniu River, with an area of about 12,650,000hm2; the mountain plains and high mountain areas with an altitude of more than 3,000m were unsuitable or unfit areas. The total area of suitable cultivation area was about 17,009 hm2, and the county area accounted for about 3%. Currently, the cultivated area was not enough for 5% of suitable cultivation area. In summary, the four main river valleys and mid levels in Xiaojin county, below 2,800m above sea level, are the main scale suitable planting areas for plateau rose. At present, the proportion of developed suitable areas is still small, and there is still great development potential for Xiaojin rose.