农村宅基地退出补偿的经济学分析

目的]农村宅基地退出补偿标准的确定及其利益分配是宅基地能否顺利退出的关键。方法]基于福利经济学分配论和补偿原理建立宅基地价值生产函数,运用比较研究法、模型分析法通过计算各生产要素的边际贡献率确定各相关权利主体的退出补偿范围;权衡宅基地退出过程中投资成本与未来收益,以优化宅基地增值收益分配方案,为宅基地退出公平补偿提供科学的理论依据。结果]理论上农户的最低补偿额应大于农户退出宅基地的机会成本,最高补偿额不高于宅基地价值生产函数中农户应分得的宅基地价值与农户退出后的投资风险成本之和;村集体的补偿额应为宅基地价值生产函数中村集体应分得的宅基地价值;地方政府的退出补偿额应不超过所享受的外部性价值。结论]基于宅基地价值生产函数确定的各相关权利主体退出补偿范围,从定量角度为宅基地退出公平补偿提供科学的理论依据,同时顺应了通过市场机制对退出权利主体进行补偿的改革方向。

THE ECONOMIC COMPENSATION FOR QUITTING RURAL RESIDENTIAL ESIDENTIAL LAND

The determination of compensation standard and its incremental income distribution are the key to smooth quitting rural residential land.The purpose of this paper is to build the production function of rural residential land value based on the distribution theory of welfare economics and compensation principle, and determine the compensation range of related rights subject by calculating the marginal contribution ratio of every essential factor, then weigh the investment risk cost and future benefits to optimize the scheme of incremental income distribution.It could provide scientific basis for making reasonable compensation standard.The comparative study method and model analysis method were used in this paper.The results showed that:(1) farmers′ minimum compensation amount should not be less than the opportunity cost, and their highest compensation amount was not higher than the sum of the deserved values in production function of rural residential land and risk cost;(2)the compensation amount of village collective should be the value of rural residential land;(3)the compensation amount of local government should not exceed the external value what they enjoyed.It concluded that the related right subjects should quit the compensation scope based on the production function of rural residential land value.The results can not only provide scientific theory basis for fair compensation of quitting rural residential land, but also meet the reform direction of the compensation by the market mechanism.