中国地区间研发资源错配测算与影响因素分析

随着中国的研发投入总量进入世界第一梯队,研发投入(资源)的配置状况成为决定研发产出效率的关键因素之一。本文基于一个包含研发资源价格扭曲的多部门竞争均衡模型,以2001—2016年各省份规模以上工业企业数据为样本,对中国地区间研发资源错配情况及其影响因素进行全面考察。研究发现:(1)各省份之间的研发劳动错配高于研发资本错配,多数省份倾向于过度配置研发资源,省份之间研发资源配置效率总体上呈逐步改善趋势,纠正错配可以使研发产出提升约16%;(2)东部各省份研发资源配置相对较为合理,但研发劳动配置略有不足,中部、西部和东北各省均存在不同程度的研发资源过度配置现象,东部和西部的研发资源配置效率一直在改善,东北和中部则没有表现出持续的改进态势;(3)市场发育程度、偏向性政策扶持、地区创新环境是研发资源错配的主要影响因素,在研发资源过度配置地区,这些因素的作用更为显著。本文的启示是,在当前全面实施创新驱动发展战略的大背景下,政府相关部门在积极引导全社会加大研发投入力度的同时,还应以市场为导向,进一步优化不同地区间的研发资源配置,实现研发效率的提升和经济的高质量发展。

Regional R&D Resource Misallocation and Its Determinants in China

As China ranks at the first tier in the world in terms of total R&D investment,the status of R&D resource allocation among different units becomes one of the key factors of R&D output efficiency.This paper gauges R&D resource misallocation across different provinces in China based on a multi-sector competition equilibrium model with sector-specific frictions in forms of taxes on sector factor inputs,using a dataset of industrial enterprises above the designated size at the provincial level from 2001 to 2016.The result shows:(1)R&D personnel misallocation across provinces is higher than R&D capital misallocation,most provinces tend to over-allocate R&D resources,the allocation efficiency of R&D resources across provinces improves gradually over time,and when R&D capital and personnel are hypothetically reallocated to correct distortion across provinces,R&D output increases by approximately 14%in China.(2)R&D capital and personnel are allocated relatively efficiently in eastern provinces,but R&D personnel are slightly under-allocated.R&D capital and personnel are over-allocated in central,western and northeastern provinces to different extents,especially so in Northeast China.R&D resource allocation efficiency has been improving in eastern and western provinces but shows no continuous improvement trends in the northeast and central provinces.(3)Market maturity,preferential policy,regional innovation environment are main factors influencing China's R&D resource misallocation,and play a more significant role in areas where R&D resources are over-allocated.This paper concludes that,in the context of pursuing innovation-driven development,the allocation of R&D resources across different regions should be further optimized in a market-oriented way,to improve the efficiency of R&D and achieve high-quality economic development.