耕地保护补偿的经济学解释

研究目的:分析耕地保护补偿中的价值分配调整,为补偿标准核算和补偿模式设计奠定理论基础。研究方法:文献资料法和模型分析法。研究结果:耕地资源配置中的市场失灵和政府失灵是建立补偿机制的原因,耕地保护补偿是通过重新调整耕地价值分配、使耕地价值的外部性内部化的过程,其基本思路是"公平优先、效率跟进"。研究结论:根据福利经济学的边际生产率分配论以及外部性内部化的基本原理得到耕地保护补偿的三大基本条件,确定补偿提供者和接受者的依据是外部性的提供或接受情况;耕地保护主体的机会成本损失是补偿额的下限,而耕地为其他社会成员提供的正外部性价值应是补偿额的上限;应根据各地的占地压力实际进行梯度化补偿,对占地压力过大或过小地区进行补偿是不经济或没必要的。

Economic Interpretation on the Compensation for Farmland Preservation

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the value distribution of the Compensation for Farmland Preservation （CFP） in order to establish a theoretical basis for accounting the CFP’s standard and designing the CFP’s mechanism. Methods employed include documentation and model analysis. The results indicate:（1）the market and government failures in farmland resource allocation is the reason for the establishment of compensation mechanism;（2）the CFP is an internalization process of farmland externalities based on the redistribution of farmland value, and the basic thought of which is“equity first, efficiency second”. It is concluded:（1）three main basic conditions of the CFP have been deduced based on the theories of marginal productivity allocation and the internalization of externalities in welfare economics, and further the grantor and grantee of the compensation should be decided according to the practical externality situation;（2）the opportunity cost of subject who preserves the farmland can be the lower limit of the compensation, meanwhile the positive values of externalities provided by other social members can be the upper limit of the compensation;（3）compensation in different levels can be fulfilled based on the actual pressure of land occupation in various regions, and the compensation for certain regions is inefficient or unnecessary.