动态比较优势与政策干预

在产品价值链全球化过程中,各国生产技术、要素禀赋结构和产业发展环境等方面的差异造成了各国比较优势产品结构的不同,而比较优势产品处于低端的国家获得较少的贸易利益。为了提高对外贸易利益,以低端产品为比较优势的国家应不断提升比较优势产品附加值水平,转变比较优势结构。比较优势结构的变动内生于技术进步和要素禀赋结构的转变,所以应通过加强边干边学、技术创新和对技术扩散的吸收促进技术进步;通过促进资本积累转变要素禀赋结构,特别应注重教育与职业培训,提高人力资本水平和技术创新能力。同时,政府对当前并不具有比较优势但附加值较高的产业进行政策支持,则能够使动态比较优势结构发生逆转,有效促进比较优势产品向高端过渡。

Dynamic Comparative Advantage and Policy Intervention

In the process of the globalization of product value chain,the differences in production technology,the structure of factor endowment and environment of industry development of different countries cause the disparity in structure of comparative advantage in different countries.However countries which are in the low-end of comparative advantage get less trade interests in this process.In order to improve trade interests,countries which have the comparative advantage in low-end products should increase the added value of comparative advantage products and transform the structure of comparative advantage.Comparative advantage’s endogenous mechanism explains that dynamic comparative advantage is determined by the endogenous process of the technological progress and endowment structure.So we should promote the technical process via enhancing knowledge(learn by doing),technical innovation and the absorption of technological diffusion,improve the standard of human capital and the capacity of technical innovation via promoting the transformation of capital accumulation,especially the education and vocational training.Meanwhile in order to transform dynamic comparative advantage and promote technological progress,the government should support the industry which does not have a comparative advantage but added value is higher through polices.