采纳生态种养技术对农户脆弱性的影响——以长江中下游地区稻虾共作技术为例

目的 脆弱性是贫困的深层次原因，也是贫困的重要表现，识别和降低农户的脆弱性是解决相对贫困、长效性脱贫问题的关键。方法 文章基于湖北、湖南、安徽3省974份农户调研数据，运用内生转换模型，分析了农户采纳稻虾共作技术对其脆弱性的影响。结果 （1）农户采纳稻虾共作技术能切实降低其脆弱性，采纳该技术的农户较未采纳时脆弱性降低280.659%，未采纳该技术的农户若采纳该技术脆弱性将降低44.255%。（2）非农就业水平在农户技术采纳和脆弱性之间起到正向的调节作用。（3）农户的个体特征、家庭特征、社会服务便利性及村庄特征均会显著影响农户的稻虾共作技术采纳决策和脆弱性。结论 农户采纳稻虾共作技术能有效降低其脆弱性，但随着农户非农就业水平的提高，稻虾户反而更脆弱，因此要完善农技推广机制，健全非农就业保障和帮扶机制，进而发挥稻虾共作技术长效脱贫功效。

IMPACT OF ECOLOGICAL FARMING TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON FARMERS' VULNERABILITYTAKING INTEGRATED RICE-CRAYFISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER OF THE YANGTZE RIVER AS AN EXAMPLE

Vulnerability is the deep-seated cause of poverty and an important manifestation of poverty. Identifying and reducing the vulnerability of farmers is the key to solving relative poverty and long-term poverty alleviation. Based on the survey data of 974 farmers in Hubei, Hunan and Anhui provinces, the endogenous transformation model was used to analyze the impact of adopting integrated rice-crayfish farming technology on the vulnerability of farmers. The results were listed as follows. (1) The adoption of integrated rice-crayfish farming technology could effectively reduce the vulnerability of farmers. The vulnerability of farmers who adopted integrated rice-crayfish farming technology was 280.659% lower than that of those who did not adopt integrated rice-crayfish farming technology, and the vulnerability of farmers who did not adopt integrated rice-crayfish farming technology was 44.255% lower.(2) The level of non-agricultural employment played a positive moderating role between farmers'' technology adoption and vulnerability.(3) Farmers'' individual characteristics, family characteristics, convenience of social services and village characteristics significantly affected farmers'' decision making and vulnerability of integrated rice-crayfish farming technology adoption. In summary, the adoption of integrated rice-crayfish farming technology can effectively reduce the vulnerability of farmers, but with the increase of the level of non-agricultural employment of farmers, farmers are more vulnerable. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the mechanism of agricultural technology extension, and improve the mechanism of non-agricultural employment security and assistance, so as to give full play to the long-term effect of integrated rice-crayfish farming technology in poverty alleviation.