逆向外包能提升中国半导体产业创新效率吗

逆向外包作为发展中国家嵌入全球价值链高端的一种新兴战略行为正逐渐兴起。以2012—2016年发生逆向外包行为的中国半导体上市公司为研究对象，构建涵盖创新产出、创新投入和影响因素的创新效率评价指标体系，采用超越对数随机前沿模型分析逆向外包对中国半导体产业创新效率的影响强度与方向。研究发现，逆向外包行为可显著增加半导体企业专利申请授权量，而对其营业收入和净利润则产生抑制作用，这两种实证结果综合印证了中国半导体产业逆向外包战略驱动论假说；逆向外包对半导体企业营业收入和净利润的负面影响主要来自于并购海外相关公司，表明逆向并购具有高经营风险和高研发创新效率的双重现实特征；创新效率影响因素中，员工学历占比、技术学习能力和产业链完善性对专利申请授权量具有正向影响，而全球市场份额和政策支持力度虽促进企业盈利增长，但对专利申请授权量具有负向影响。

Can Reverse Outsourcing Improve the Innovation Efficiency of China's Semiconductor Industry

Reverse outsourcing is emerging as a new strategic behavior of high-end embedded in global value chain for developing countries.This paper takes listed Chinese semiconductor companies that had reverse outsourcing from 2012 to 2016 as the research object, constructs an innovation efficiency evaluation index system covering innovation output, input and influencing factors, and adopts the tranlogarithmic stochastic frontier model to analyze the influence intensity and direction of reverse outsourcing on the innovation efficiency of China's semiconductor industry.It is found that reverse outsourcing significantly increases the number of patent applications issued by semiconductor enterprises, but inhibits their operating income and net profit.The comprehensive results of these two kinds of empirical results confirm the hypothesis of "strategic driving theory" of reverse outsourcing in China's semiconductor industry.The negative impact of reverse outsourcing on the operating income and net profit of semiconductor enterprises mainly comes from the merger and acquisition of overseas related companies.This finding reflects that reverse merger and acquisition has the dual reality characteristics of high operating risk and high R&D and innovation efficiency.Among the influencing factors of innovation efficiency, the employees' educational background, technical learning ability and industrial chain integrity have a positive influence on the number of patent application authorization, while the global market share and policy support have a negative influence on the number of patent application authorization although they promote the profit growth.