论我国水权制度的调适与创新

探讨我国水资源短缺和浪费现象同时存在的原因,进一步用博弈理论来分析我国水资源保护实践中还存在的“政府失灵”和“市场失灵”问题。合理的水权设置对水资源保护具有很强的激励作用,如果在水权明晰的情况下,通过水权交易,保护水资源的行为会得到补偿,而不保护(如污染、浪费)水资源的行为则需要付出代价。因此,博弈参与方都会采取保护水资源的行为,这是该博弈的唯一的纳什均衡。由于我国水权制度的不完善,我国在水资源保护方面既存在“市场失灵”问题也存在“政府失灵”问题。我国应采取诱致型方式,以水权主体人格化为目标,以完善水权结构为基础工作,以水权初始分配为重点,以水权市场建设为依托,进行水权制度调适与创新。

On adjustment and innovation of water property system in China

The reason of concurrence of lack and waste of water resource in China is discussed.Government and market failures are analyzed by use of the game theory with regard to water resources protection in China.Irrational setup of water property is a strong excitation to water resource protection.If the action of protecting water resource is compensated,and the adverse action is charged under the clear water property,the game participants will both protect the water resources.It is the only Nash balance of the game.Because of imperfect water property system in China,"market failure" and "government failure" exist in water resource protection.Therefore,adjustment and innovation of water property system in China should be carried out,including adopting "luring and sending" mode,aiming at personification of water property,improving the framework of water property,strengthening the initial allocation of water property and relying on the building of water property market.