农业支持政策结构变迁的国际比较分析

目的]在多哈回合谈判再次要求削减黄箱政策背景下,通过量化比较分析典型发达国家和地区在多哈回合谈判前后农业支持政策结构变化趋势,为中国农业供给侧结构性改革背景下农业支持政策改革提供方向借鉴。方法]使用OECD农业政策评价指标对比分析欧盟、美国、日本和中国4个国家和地区农业支持力度、支持结构的变化趋势。结果]发达国家和地区积极创新农业支持手段以替代市场价格支持,加快农业支持政策的市场化转变,强调支持政策与资源环境保护的交互作用,注重对农业知识和创新体系的资金投入。结论]我国应持续加大对农业的支持力度,逐渐减少市场价格支持比重,创新支持工具并强化政策间的协调性,优化一般服务支持结构,加大对农业知识和创新体系的财政投入。

INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS ON STRUCTURAL CHANGE OF AGRICULTURAL SUPPORT POLICY

The contradiction of agricultural development China is mainly in the supply side, and the agricultural support policy system based on increasing production is not suitable for the needs of agricultural development in China. After putting forward of reducing amber box policy again in the Agriculture Negotiation in Doha, developed countries or regions began to take market as the guide to adjust the structural of agricultural support policy. Therefore, the comparative analysis of the trend of the structural reform of the agricultural support policy in the typical developed countries and regions is of great reference value to the improvement of our agricultural support policy. With utilizing the agricultural policy system of OECD, this paper compares and analyzes the change rule of the level and structure for agricultural support policy among the United States, the European Union, Japan and China. The study found that the main direction of agricultural support policy structure adjustment in developed countries and regions is to adopt different policy measures to replace market price support, and pay attention to the input of agricultural knowledge and innovation system. On this basis, it is recommended to increase the support level for agriculture, gradually reduce market price support, innovate tools of agricultural support policies, strengthen the coordination among policies tools, optimize the general service support structure, and increase the financial input to the agricultural knowledge and innovation system.