新疆连片特困地区少数民族农户贫困影响因素分析

目的]少数民族连片特困地区的贫困问题是我国新时期扶贫攻坚的难点和重点。深入剖析该区域少数民族农户致贫因素,为新时期精准扶贫精准脱贫提供参考。方法]基于实地调研数据,利用Logistic模型,从户主特征、家庭特征、村庄环境特征等3个方面对新疆连片特困地区少数民族农户贫困的影响因素进行深入研究。结果]户主的性别和受教育程度、家庭成员中熟练说国语人口所占比重、兼业情况、是否参与农业合作组织、家庭成员是否残疾或重大疾病、人均耕地面积、是否通公共交通车均对贫困产生了重要影响,与预期一致;户主年龄、农户家庭中劳动力所占比重、未成年人口所占比重、离县城的距离、有无自然灾害对贫困的影响均没有通过统计上的显著性检验,与预期假设不符,主要是"一户一策"的精准脱贫政策及惠农工程起到了重要作用。结论]未来应从提高贫困人口的自我发展能力和实现对贫困人口精准识别精准帮扶两个方面提高片区的脱贫成效。

ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE POVERTY OF MINORITY FARMERS IN XINJIANG CONTIGUOUS DESTITUTE AREA

The poverty problem in the contiguous areas of ethnic minorities is the difficulty and focus of poverty alleviation in the new era. This research analyzed the poverty stricken factors of ethnic minority farmers in the region, so as to provide reference for poverty alleviation in the new era. Based on the field research data, this research used the logistic model to study the influencing factors of poverty among ethnic minority farmers in Xinjiang contiguous destitute areas from three aspects: household characteristics, family characteristics and village environmental characteristics. The results show that the gender and education level of the head of the household, the proportion of the proficiency speaking Chinese of the family member, whether engaging in non agricultural employment, whether to participate in the agricultural cooperative organization, whether the family members are disabled or serious illness, per capita cultivated area, and whether to pass the bus are all responsible for poverty, which are consistent with expectations. The age of the head of the household, the proportion of the labor force in the households, the proportion of the minors, the distance from the county, and the impact of natural disasters on poverty have not passed the statistical significance test, and are inconsistent with the expected assumptions which are mainly the reason of the accurate poverty alleviation policy and the benefit agricultural projects. The government should improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation from improving the self development ability of the poor and achieving accurate identification and assistance for the poor in the future.