山西省农业温室气体排放探析

目的]关注农业温室气体的排放,有利于农业生态文明建设。方法]文章以山西省农业作为研究对象,运用实地调研和文献查阅法对山西省农业现状进行了分析、并运用农业系统的碳排放估算方法对2006—2015年的农业投入要素和畜禽养殖数量产生的碳排放进行了测算。结果](1)山西省农业碳排放量呈现先上升后趋于稳定的状态,近年来农业碳排放总量维持在220万t左右,农业投入要素产生的碳排放比重从高到低依次为化肥、农膜、柴油、农药、灌溉和翻耕;(2)种植业碳排放最高的运城市约为36.359万t,排放最低的阳泉市为2.782万t,运城市是阳泉市的13倍;(3)畜禽养殖数量决定畜禽碳排放量的数值, 2015年山西省养殖业CH_4排放量最大的是晋中市,排放量达到4 260.56t,养殖业CH_4排放量最小的是阳泉市,排放量为387.51t,晋中市的排放量是阳泉市的11倍;(4)受自然资源、农业政策和当地经济发展状况的影响,山西省各地市的碳排放分布不均匀。结论]建议农户采用低碳农业生产方式;政府鼓励适当的农业规模化生产、鼓励低碳生产技术的研发和使用,兼顾经济、生态和社会三方效益,合理发展低碳农业。

ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION IN SHANXI PROVINCE

Paying attention to the emission of agricultural greenhouse gases is beneficial to the construction of agricultural ecological civilization. Taking agriculture in Shanxi province as the research object, this paper makes an analysis of the present situation of agriculture in Shanxi province by means of on the spot investigation and literature review. Carbon emissions from agricultural input factors and livestock and poultry farming from 2006 to 2015 were estimated by using the carbon emission estimation method of agricultural system. The results showed that the agricultural carbon emissions in Shanxi province had increased first and then stabilized. In recent years, the total agricultural carbon emissions had maintained at about 2.2 million tons. The proportion of carbon emissions generated by agricultural input factors from high to low was chemical fertilizer, agricultural film, diesel oil, pesticides, irrigation and tillage. The highest carbon emission from planting was about 363.59 million tons in Yuncheng, and the lowest was 27.82 million tons in Yangquan. Yuncheng was 13 times as much as Yangquan. The quantity of livestock and poultry decides the carbon emissions of livestock and poultry. In 2015, the largest CH4 emission from aquaculture industry in Shanxi province was Jinzhong city, with a total emission of 4260.56 tons. The smallest CH4 emission from aquaculture industry was Yangquan city, with a total emission of 387.51 tons. The emission of Jinzhong city was 11 times that of Yangquan city. Influenced by natural resources, agricultural policies and local economic development, the distribution of carbon emissions in Shanxi province was uneven. It is suggested that farmers adopt low carbon agricultural production mode; the government encourages appropriate agricultural scale production; encourages research and development and use of low carbon production technology, takes account of the economic, ecological and social benefits, and reasonably develops low carbon agriculture.