研发与市场结构:基于成本视角的分析

本文从成本入手，探讨了研发与市场结构的关系。通过对平均成本、固定成本及知识特性的综合分析，认为由于技术复杂度的不断提高及研发带来的规模经济，在多数产业研发会导致市场集中度逐渐提高。通过对研发沉没成本的分析表明，在专利保护与许可证制度下，当研发导致的沉没成本比较小时，厂商数量较多的竞争性市场的福利好于寡占或垄断市场，因为其研发速度更快；反之，寡占或垄断市场的福利更好，因为研发的沉没成本得到了节约。在理论分析的基础上，本文就如何通过优化市场结构，提升我国企业研发能力，应对经济全球化的挑战，提出了三点对策。

R&D And Market Structure:An Analysis From the View of Cost

This paper discusses the relationship between R&D and market structure from the view of cost.Through comprehensive analysis of average cost,fixed cost and the characteristic of knowledge,I find that the concentration ratio after R&D will increase in most industries because of the complexity of technology and the economies of scale caused by R&D.The paper also explores how market structure affects the welfare of R&D with sunk cost.The research indicates that if the sunk cost of R&D isn't large,the welfare of the competitive market is better than that of oligopoly or monopoly market under the protection of patent and the institution of license because the velocity of R&D will be faster.On the contrary,the welfare of oligopoly or monopoly market is better because the sunk cost will be economized.On the basis of the analysis,I point out three strategies of optimizing the market structure that can help enterprises of China to upgrade their R&D competence in the condition of globalization.