东亚信息技术产业的区内与区外贸易模式实证分析

东亚IT产业发展的贸易模式有如下特点:第一,东亚IT产业的技术来源于美国。通过承接美国计算机企业的"外包"业务,东亚在IT硬件设备制造领域建立了完整的生产体系。第二,东亚与美国的IT产品贸易主要集中在集成电路与电子部件,反映了美国企业将IT中间产品"外包"到东亚区域以降低生产成本,推动了全球IT产品的国际外包浪潮。第三,东亚区域内贸易模式不同于东亚—美国之间的贸易特征,日本、韩国和东盟通过向我国出口集成电路及其电子零部件获得了巨额的贸易顺差,而我国则将进口的集成电路和电子零部件装配成电子产品出口到美国和世界各地。

Empirical Studies on East Asian IT Internal and External Trade Patterns

This study examines the IT trade patterns between the US and East Asia,and intra-East Asian region under the globalization of IT industry since 1996. It proposes the salient features for East Asian IT trade patterns. Firstly,East Asia has established the relative sophisticated production system of IT hardware industry through subcontracting activity with the US firms. Secondly,the trade of major IT products between East Asia and the US is largely concentrated in integrated circuits(ICs)and its related electronic components. The volume between East Asia and the US has been dramatically increased year by year,which reflected the international outsourcing expansion that was initiated and pushed by multinational enterprises,especially from California-based firms,those have intended to decrease the production costs of inputs under the downward pressure of IT price. Thirdly,intra-East Asian trade pattern shows features differed from that of East Asia-US model,namely,Japan,Republic of Korea and ASEAN got huge trade surplus through exporting ICs and its related electronic components to China,and later exports more electronic goods to the US and the global markets under the channel of ICs importing from East Asian region. China has emerged as a principal market for ICs and related electronic components among East Asian region.