法制转型、不平等与中国的经济增长——1952-2003中国法院诉讼的实证研究

自1840年鸦片战争以来,法制现代化与经济现代化的转型,成了近代中国在寻求民族独立和国家富强过程中的主旋律.世界各国的发展经验表明,因政治、经济、文化、宗教、风俗惯例等因素的差异,法制转型与经济增长在世界各个地区之间的展开呈现出迥然不同的路径和特征.本文通过对1952-2003年间中国法院诉讼案与经济增长以及不平等诸变量之间实证关系的计量检验,认为:现代中国的法制转型,是一个生发于经济增长过程之中的由传统"人治"型模式向现代"法治"型模式转变的演化过程.经济的持续增长,以及伴随经济成长而致的个人素质的普遍提升,为外来移植的法律资源与本土自生的法律资源之间的融合提供了一个制度性的激励.同时,司法公正和收入不平等的变动,成了法制成功转型和经济持续成长的约束条件.文章的最后,笔者基于实证检验的结果给出了观察和预测法院诉讼案件数量变动的判断准则,并对政府政策的制定提出了有参考价值的意见.

Legal System Transformation, Inequality and China Economic Growth: Positive Research on China Court Litigation through 1952-2003

Since 1840's opium war,the modernization of legal system and economy has become the main issues for China.Experiences show that the styles of legal system and economic transformation in differ in various regions due to differences in politics,economy,culture,religion and customs.This paper empirically studies the relationships between China court litigation cases,economic growth and inequality.We hold that China legal system transformation evolves from the rule of man to the rule of law along with economic growth;that economic growth and individual diathesis advancement at large provide institutional incentives for integrating foreign law resources into the domestic law system.Meanwhile,the changes in the judicature fairness and income inequality become a constraint for the successful transformation of legal system and economic sustainable growth.Finally,the author gives a rule of thumb to observe and forecast the changes in China court litigation cases and proposes policy recommendations.