Abstract: | Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag untersucht den Schutzzweck des neuen AGB-Gesetzes anhand der Entstehungsgeschichte des Gesetzes. Er weist darauf hin, daß in der neuen Kommentarliteratur der verbraucherpolitische Schutzzweck nur unzureichend reflektiert wird. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere an der Auslegung des gesetzlichen Zentralbegriffs der »Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingung« und an seiner Ausnahme, den »im einzelnen ausgehandelten« Bedingungen. Hier ist nach Meinung des Autors eine Differenzierung in Geschäftsbedingungen zwischen Unternehmen einerseits und im Verhältnis Unternehmen-Verbraucher (Nichtkaufleute) andererseits erforderlich. Schließlich wird auf Probleme der Verbandsklage eingegangen.
On the difficulties of protecting the consumer by means of the new german law on standard terms of contract (ABGB) The paper analyses the attempts made in this Law to increase the protection of the consumer against unfair contract clauses. It reviews recent legal writings which have tried to evaluate the substance and scope of the protection provided by the Law. It is maintained that in these writings, the aims of the legislation are not examined at sufficient depth. Criticism is levelled especially against the way in which the concept standard contract term has been expounded.The author argues that standard contract terms have to be given different interpretations depending upon whether contracts are made between an enterprise and consumers or between two enterprises. In the first case (enterprise-consumer) a wide definition of standard contract terms should be applied in order for the courts to be able to deal with most consumer contracts. In particular, the author opposes the notion of individually negotiated contracts in Art. 1 § 2, which by literal interpretation would provide loopholes enabling enterprises to evade the law. In the second case (enterprise-enterprise), one should pay attention to the distribution of market power; the more powerful an enterprise in relation to the contract partner, the greater the need for legal control of contract terms.The paper also contains a commentary on the legal procedure of collective action (Verbandsklage) whereby consumer organizations can protest against unfair standard form contracts; some first practical experiences with the procedure are mentioned.
Norbert Reich ist Professor für Rechtswissenschaft an der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Politik, 2000 Hamburg 13, Von-Melle-Park 9. |