我国收入差距调控的效果与机制的制度分析

我国收入差距调控出现了再分配失灵。再分配失灵是指政府用于收入差距方面的公共支出的覆盖率、结构及受益面现状与预期目标的差距。公共支出的利益归宿在我国不同群体中存在较大的差距。我国的再分配失灵与我国公共支出的决定机制有关。在我国,再分配给谁及如何再分配一般是由行政权力决定的。而我国行政权力受到的制约比较少,这就使再分配规则的确定、再分配方式的选择容易受到利益集团的影响。库兹涅茨到U型假说的成立既取决于工业化、城市化、要素市场的完善及产业结构的调整等,也取决于民主化及法治化进程中再分配机制的完善。克服再分配失灵的根本举措是建立一种有利于全社会尤其是低收入群体受益的再分配机制。这种再分配机制的建立需要与我国转变政府职能,强化公共财政及建立社会主义民主政治相关联。

The Institutional Analysis of Effectiveness and Mechanism of China′s Control over Income Gap

Redistribution failures of China's control over income gaps.Redistribution failure means there're big differences between the facts and expectations of the coverage rate,structure and benefit people of public expenditure used by government to lessen income gaps.The interest distribution of public expenditure between different groups has large gaps.China's redistribution failure attributes to China's public expenditure decision mechanism.In China,administrative power decides how to redistribute and who can be benefited from redistribution.There're few constrains on China's administrative power,which makes interest groups possible to influence redistribution process.Kuznets' inverted U hypothesis is based not only on industrialization,urbanization,the perfect elements market and the improvement of industrial restructure,but also on democratization and the rule of law in the improvement process of the redistribution mechanism.In order to overcome redistribution failure,the fundamental measure is to create a redistribution mechanism which could be conducive to the whole society,especially low-income groups.And the establishment of this sound redistribution mechanism should be related to China's transformation of government functions,strengthening public finance and the establishment of our socialist democratic politics.