农地流转对农户土地利用行为及效果影响探究

在农地流转的影响下,农户的土地利用结构、土地投入、土地利用效率发生了改变。通过对现有文献的总结,全面探析农地流转行为对农户土地利用行为及效果的影响,以期阐明国内外学者现有研究的不足及未来的主要研究方向。对文献的梳理得出:农地流转中,"非农化"及"非粮化"倾向明显,且土地流转市场、土地利用比较收益、政府引导是三大主要驱动力;随着农地规模的扩大,单位面积劳动投入减少,劳动产出率提高;农地流转对农地投入及农业生产效率产生何种影响,国内外学者仍存在分歧,这主要是由于现有研究不够系统深入,未考虑土地流转市场、地权稳定性、农户类型、流转方式、流转用途等因素的作用。要充分发挥农地流转对农民收入的促进作用,政府应从完善土地流转市场,提高地权稳定性出发,但如何避免流转农地"非粮化"以确保国家粮食安全仍是一个亟待解决的问题,这也是未来的一个主要研究方向。

THE INFLUENCE OF FARMLAND CIRCULATION ON HOUSEHOLDS' LAND USE

Farmland circulation is an important measure of China''s rural land reform, and it has been seen as the most feasible means to raise the efficiency of resources allocation and land use in rural areas. Farming input is an important part of agricultural production, as it can reflect the resources allocation directly. Inputs and outputs in food crops production are the micro-foundation of China''s food security. Under the influence of farmland circulation, households'' land use structure, land use benefit and land use efficiency have changed a lot. Based on documents and inductive comparison method, the purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of farmland circulation on households'' land use, and to illustrate the present situation and future trend of this field. The result shows that the farmland circulation has an important influence on households'' land use, "non-agricultural" and "non-food" situation is pretty serious under the effect of farmland circulation, and it is worsen by the force of land market, land earnings and the government''s guide. With the land scale becoming larger, labor input in land per unit decreases and the labor productivity improves. There is no conclusion whether land circulation can increase the land input and land productivity, lack of system analysis may explain this, as the development of the land rent market, the stability of land rights, the destination of agricultural production and land circulation mode all play a role in this process. When the land market is mature, the effect of land circulation is small. The higher stability of land ownership is helpful to increase long term investments, and the development of land rent market and farmers'' participation degree of land circulation are in favor of the increase of agricultural land input. To give full play the role of the farmland circulation, government in China should develop the land rent market and improve the stability of land rights. So, whether farmland circulation can improve land productivity decides on four factors, the first one is the regional resources endowment, the land use efficiency will not improve without changing the way of agricultural production and the quality production factors; the second one is land scale before and after farmland circulation, and it is most effective when moderate scale is achieved ; the third one is the development degree of land circulation market which can encourage efficient producers to rent in more farmland; the last one is the stability of land ownership. However, how to avoid "non-food" situation of rent in farmland so as to protect food security is a problem that demands prompt solution. On other side, the effect of land circulation on land use is not immutable, it is determined by various factors, so domestic and foreign scholars in this field need to make an in-depth analysis in the future.