基于SPAMS研究石家庄市春节期间重污染过程

2018年2月15日—2月21日春节假期,石家庄市出现了2月份以来污染最重、持续时间最长的一次空气污染过程。为探究重污染天气成因,采用位于石家庄市大气自动监测站的单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪(SPAMS),对春节期间的细颗粒物化学组成进行了分析,结合空气质量状况及气象条件等因素,对重污染天气的成因进行了推定。结果表明,在此次污染过程期间,地面持续处于低压幅合,边界层低,逆温现象严重,致使18日和19日的污染物浓度累积升高;同时根据SPAMS污染特征分析可知,春节期间发生的重污染过程中,燃煤和工业工艺源的累积,加剧了二次转化,且随着PM2.5浓度的攀升,细颗粒物中重金属和矿尘颗粒占比有一定的增加,二次无机源和烟花源的贡献变化较为突出。研究石家庄市春节期间大气污染物的组成及其成因,可为科学有效地制定大气环境调控策略提供技术参考。

Study on the process of heavy pollution during Spring Festival in Shijiazhuang City in 2018 based on a single particle aerosol

During the Spring Festival holiday from Feb 15 to Feb 21, 2018, Shijiazhuang experienced the most severe and longest continuous air pollution process since February. In order to explore the cause of heavy pollution during Spring Festival, the fine grain chemical composition during Spring Festival is analyzed, and presumption on the causes of heavy pollution is made after combined with air quality conditions and meteorological conditions. A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) is used, which is located at the atmospheric automatic monitoring station in Shijiazhuang City. The results show that during the pollution process, the ground continued to be in a low pressure amplitude, the boundary layer is low, and the temperature inversion is severe, resulting in the accumulation of pollutants increasing from Feb.18 to Feb.19. At the same time, according to the analysis of SPAMS pollution characteristics, the secondary conversion is intensified because of the accumulation of coal and industrial process sources during the heavy pollution process in the Spring Festival. With the mass concentration of PM_2.5 increasing, the proportion of heavy metals and dust in fine particles has increased, and the contribution of secondary inorganic sources and fireworks sources has become more prominent. Research on the composition and sources of air pollutants in Shijiazhuang City during the Spring Festival can provide technical support for effective and scientific regulation of the air environment.