金属基复合材料的制备方法及发展现状

金属基复合材料具有较高的比强度和比刚度,广泛用于军事、航天等领域,其研究和发展受到了各行各业,尤其是重工业产业的密切关注。介绍了金属基复合材料的研究历史和发展现状,根据基体类型和增强相形态对其进行了分类。常见的金属基复合材料制备方法包括粉末冶金法、铸造凝固成型法(搅拌铸造法和挤压铸造法)、喷射成型法和原位复合法,重点介绍了粉末冶金法和铸造凝固成型法。指出了现阶段金属基复合材料发展需解决成本偏高、工艺复杂、分布不均匀、高温下易发生界面反应及偏聚等问题。

Preparation method and research status of metal matrix composites

Due to their high specific strength and high specific stiffness, metal matrix composites are widely used in military, spaceflight, etc., and the research and development of which has been widely concentrated, especially in heavy industry. The research history and development status of metal matrix composites are introduced, and the classification of metal matrix composites is given according to the types of the matrix and the morphology of the reinforcing phase. The common methods for the preparation of metal matrix composites include powder metallurgy, casting solidification molding (stir casting and squeeze casting), spray forming and in situ compounding. The powder metallurgy method and casting solidification forming method are mainly introduced. The problems that need be solved for the development of metal matrix composites including high cost, complicate craft, uneven distribution, and incident surface reaction and segregation under high temperature are pointed out.