春季石家庄市水体浮游植物群落结构调查与分析

为探索春季石家庄市水体浮游植物群落组成与结构特点,及其主要环境影响因素,对水体中浮游植物的种类组成、细胞密度、环境因子等指标进行了调查,分析了其物种优势度、多样性指数,并对各水体的浮游植物组成与环境因子进行了聚类分析和相关性分析。结果发现:在春季的石家庄市水体中,共检出浮游植物7门47属76种,以绿藻门种类最多,约占总数的39.47%,其次为硅藻和蓝藻,裸藻、金藻、黄藻和甲藻种类很少且仅在个别采样点位出现。水体中硅藻细胞密度最高,平均为1.0×10~7 cells/L,占丰度组成的61.84%,其次为绿藻和蓝藻。值得注意的是,岗南水库是所有水体中仅有的金藻丰富型水体,它的金藻细胞密度高达4.5×10~6 cells/L。物种优势度分析和多样性指数分析显示,石家庄市水体中以中度富营养型指示藻类为优势类群,基本处于中度污染水平;水体聚类分析表明,石家庄市水体的浮游植物组成受整体水环境因素影响不明显;而单环境因子数据及其与浮游植物的相关性分析表明,石家庄市水质酸化严重(pH值低于6.0),除科大牧星湖和岗南水库外,多数水体处于劣V类水平,主要超标物为pH值、总磷、总氮和COD,而这可能是导致蓝藻、绿藻等耐污性种类大量繁殖的主要因素。因此,对石家庄市水体中浮游植物群落组成与结构变化的生物学监测,是进行石家庄市地表水水质监测及生态保护的重要途径。

Investigation and analysis of phytoplankton community structure in waters of Shijiazhuang City during spring season

In order to explore the community composition, structure characteristics and its main environmental factors of phytoplankton of Shijiazhuang waters in spring, the species composition, cell density of phytoplankton and environmental factors in the water body are investigated, and the species dominance, diversity index, cluster analysis and correlation analysis of phytoplankton composition and environmental factors are conducted. During the spring season, 76 phytoplankton species belonging to 47 genera and 6 phyla are identified in Shijiazhuang waters.The largest proportion is the species of Chlorophyta, which accounts for 39.47% of the total species, followed by diatom and cyanobacteria, and the species of Euglenophyta , Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta and Dinophyta are few at some sampling sites during this season.The highest density is from the diatom cells, which is averagely 1.0×10⁷ cells/L, accounting for 61.84% of the total abundance, followed by Chlorophyta and cyanobacteria in Shijiazhuang waters. It is worth noting that the cell density of the Chrysophyta in the Gangan reservoir could reach up to 4.5 ×10⁶ cells/L, and it is the only Chrysophyta rich water of all waters. The analysis of species dominance and diversity index shows that the Shijiazhuang waters are in the middle level of pollution, with the eutrophic indicator algas as the dominant groups. The water body cluster analysis shows that the phytoplankton composition in Shijiazhuang is not affected by the overall water environment factors. The water quality index data and Pearson correlation analysis show that Shijiazhuang waters are in serious acidification (pH<6.0). Except for the Muxing lake of HEBUST (Hebei University of Science and Technology) and Gangnan reservoir, most of the waters are at the level of lower V. The main excess materials are pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and COD, which might be the main factor leading to mass reproduction of pollution resistant species such as cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta. The study show that biological monitoring of the composition and structural changes of phytoplankton community in Shijiazhuang water body is an important way to monitor and protect the water quality of the surface water in Shijiazhuang.