石家庄市环境空气中VOCs及恶臭污染特征研究

采用SUMMA罐采样-空气预浓缩-GC/MS,对石家庄市东北工业区10个环境受体点位30个样品中VOCs及恶臭污染物进行定性定量分析。结果显示,石家庄市VOCs及恶臭污染物检出物质的总质量浓度为639.8～1 403.8μg/m3,全市平均总质量浓度为1 019.2μg/m3。各点位硫化物含量最低,质量分数低于1.0%;卤代烃和芳香烃所占比例分别达到29.0%(质量分数)和21.3%(质量分数);烷烃和烯烃含量分别为17.8%(质量分数)和15.9%(质量分数)。将石家庄市各类VOCs平均浓度与国内外其他城市作比较,石家庄市的环境空气中VOCs的浓度处于较高的水平。根据石家庄市受体成分谱图显示,乙酸丁酯是成分谱图中含量最高的组分,所占比例为9.5%(质量分数),甲苯次之,含量为9.4%(质量分数),显示出乙酸丁酯和甲苯污染源对于石家庄市受体的重要影响。烷烯烃类中,C3—C5低碳数组分相对含量较高;在卤代烃的化合物中,二氯甲烷是含量最高的组分,所占比例为5.0%(质量分数)。

Characteristics of air VOCs and odor pollutants of Shijiazhuang City

Thirty samples of the ambient air in 10 different sampling sites of Shijiazhuang northeast industrial area are analyzed by air preconcentration and GC/MS,which are sampled with SUMMA Canister.It shows that the total mass concentration of VOCs and odor pollutants are between 639.8 and 1 403.8 μg/m3,and the mean mass concentration is 1 019.2 μg/m3.In each sampling site the sulphide has the lowest mass concentration and its proportion is less than 1%(g/g).The halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons proportions are 29.0%(g/g) and 21.3%(g/g) respectively,and paraffin and olefin are 17.8%(g/g) and 15.9%(g/g) respectively.Compared with other cities at home and abroad,the VOCs pollution in ambient air of Shijiazhuang has a higher level.According to the components of the ambient receptor,the butyl acetate has the highest concentration,whose proportion is 9.5%(g/g);and secondly is the toluene,whose proportion is 9.4%(g/g).It proves that the n-butyl acetate and toluene sources have an important influence on the ambient air of Shijiazhuang.Among the Alkanes and alkenes,the components between C3 and C5 have higher concentrations.Among the halogenated hydrocarbon,the dichloromethane has the highest concentration and its proportion is 5%(g/g).