高速铁路对沿线城市土地经济价值的影响及驱动力——以东北地区为例

高铁可达性是土地经济价值变化的重要驱动因素之一，本文以东北地区高铁地级市为对象，基于时间、经济、频次、服务的视角分析高铁影响下的沿线城市可达性，运用广义交通成本、土地价值增值模型探讨高铁通车前后沿线城市土地经济价值的变化，基于多元线性回归选取高铁可达性等相关特征变量，探讨影响高铁土地经济价值的驱动力。研究表明：高铁开通改变原有辽宁可达性向吉林、再向黑龙江递减的趋势，及原有沈阳经济区可达性优势最强、沿海经济带与吉林中部次之、哈大齐稍弱的格局，带来黑龙江可达性改善幅度最大、辽宁强于吉林，位处边缘区位的城市可达性获得较大提升、传统的经济实力超强城市及位处线路中心区位的城市可达性改善较弱的趋势；沈阳、长春、大连与哈尔滨高铁日常可达性位于东北前列，沈阳高铁特质空间范围跨越吉林、延伸至黑龙江，为东北高铁可达服务核心，长、大、哈为其副中心；高铁广义交通成本远高于普速列车广义交通成本，哈尔滨--长春、沈阳、大连等核心区是土地经济价值增值高值区；高铁土地经济价值与高铁服务中心强度指数、日常可达性、普速列车土地经济价值呈正相关，与哈夫系数呈负相关。

The Impact on Urban Land Value and Its Driving Force of High-speed Rails ——Taking Northeast China as an example

High-speed rail （HSR） accessibility is one of the important driving factors of land economic value changing. Prefecture-level cities in northeastern China are selected as the study objects. Urban HSR accessibility is studied from the perspectives of time，economy，frequency and service. And then the generalized transport cost and land value increasement methods are used to study the land economic value changing before and after HSRs opening. Finally，HSR accessibility and other characteristic variables are selected in the multiple linear regression models to discuss the driving mechanism of HSR land economic value. Results show that the original accessibility decreasing trend from Liaoning province via Jilin province to Heilongjiang province is changed. And the original accessibility strengh（Shenyang Economic Zone > Coastal Economic Belt > Central Jilin > Harbin-Daqing-Qiqihar）is also changed. After HSRs opening，the accessibility improvement of Heilongjiang is stronger than Liaoning and Jilin. The accessibility of marginal cities is improved significantly. But the accessibility improvement of super-economic cities and central location cities of HSR line is weaker. The HSR daily accessibility of Shenyang，Changchun，Dalian and Harbin is higher than other cities. The HSR complicated space of Shenyang is crossing Jilin，extending to Heilongjiang. Shenyang is the HSR accessibility service center and Changchun，Dalian and Harbin are the sub-centers in northeast China. HSR generalized transport cost is higher than the generalized transport cost of ordinary trains. The core areas of Harbin-Changchun，Shenyang and Dalian are the high areas of land economic value increasement. HSR service intensity index，HSR daily accessibility and land economic value of ordinary trains are in positive correlation with HSR land economic value. HSR Huff index is in negative correlation with the HSR land economic value.