技术性贸易壁垒与中国高技术产品出口——基于扩展贸易引力模型的经验分析

本文基于扩展的贸易引力模型，使用2000~2015 年中国同22 个贸易伙伴国的面板数据，并引入和技术性贸易壁垒以及高技术产品密切相关的知识产权保护这一变量，实证考察进口国TBT 对中国高技术产品出口的影响。结果表明：（1）进口国实施 TBT 或进行知识产权保护均会抑制中国高技术产品的出口，但抑制作用并不显著；（2）若进口国将TBT 和知识产权保护相结合形成更为隐蔽的技术性贸易壁垒，将会显著抑制中国高技术产品的出口；（3）中国高技术产品出口呈现行业差异，其中医药制造业受到的抑制效应最大；（4）由于技术模仿和产品同质化现象的存在，中国高技术产品出口会在中高收入国家遭遇更为严重的TBT，对出口的抑制效应会更大。中国应将知识产权保护政策作为应对进口国TBT的一种补充，在保证高技术产品贸易健康发展的同时推动出口产业向中高端发展。

TBT and China's Export of High-tech Products ——Empirical Analysis Based on the Extended Trade Gravity Model

Based on the extended Trade Gravity Model，and through the introduction of the variable Intellectual Property Protection which is closely related to technical barriers to trade (TBT) and high-techproducts，this paper uses the panel data of China and 22 trading partners in 2000~2015 to empirically examine the impact of the technical barriers to trade (TBT) of importing countries on China’s export of high-tech products. The results show that the implementation of TBT and the Intellectual Property Protection of the importing countries will inhibit the export of China’s high-tech products in different degrees.If the importing countries combine theTBT measures and the Intellectual Property Protection to form more subtle technical barriers to trade，it will significantly inhibit the export of high-tech products in China.And the export of high-tech products in China shows the difference in the industry，and the export of high-tech products in different segments of the industryis different from the TBT sensitivity of the importing countries，in which the inhibition effect of pharmaceutical industry is the largest.What’s more，due to the existence of technology imitation and product homogenization phenomenon，China’s high-tech exports will suffer more severe TBT in the middle and high income countries，and the inhibition effect on exports is greater. China should take the Intellectual Property Protection as asupplement to the importing country TBT in order to promote the development of China’s high-tech products tohigh-end.