考虑营销成本的库存与运输联合优化三阶段决策模型研究

一般来说，个体最优和整体最优是不一致的，二者之间存在着偏差，这一偏差就是分散优化带来的效率损失。库存与运输联合优化（ITIO）将物流系统中的库存控制和运输管理融合到一个大问题中，去寻求这一联合问题而非单个问题的最优解决方案，可以最优化整个配送系统的运营成本。本文在考虑营销成本条件下，建立ITIO三阶段决策模型，并求解分析模型性质。研究表明：ITIO零售价和营销成本与需求的营销成本弹性、零售商订购成本、供应商生产启动成本、供应商生产成本、运输固定成本和运输可变成本正相关；与需求函数的价格弹性和订货批量负相关；当订购数量相同时，零售商单独优化的营销成本大于ITIO联合优化的营销成本。

Three-stage ITIO Decision-making Model Based on Marketing Cost

In general , the overall and individual optimization is inconsistent , there is a deviation between them , and this deviation lead to efficiency loss . Inventory -transportation integrated optimization (ITIO ) integrating inventory and transportation costs into one problem , and finding the optimum solution of joint problem is rather than single problem , and can optimize the operating costs of the whole distribution system . Based on marketing cost , we establish three-stage ITIO decision-making model and analyze properties of the mod-el . The study shows that:marketing cost elasticity of demand , order costs , start-up costs of production , production cost , variable costs and fixed costs of transportation have positive impact on retail price and marketing costs , while price elasticity of demand and the order quantity have negative impact . When order the same quantity , the marketing costs of ITIO is less than that of retailer-led separate opti-mization .