劳动异质情况下的产业结构偏离及其影响因素分析——基于2006～2013年全国产业行业数据

本文充分考虑劳动异质性，利用产业人力资本结构，重新核算三次产业结构偏离度，发现第一产业和第三产业结构偏离程度均被高估，第二产业结构偏离被低估，进而指出“民工荒”、大学生就业难等现象产生的原因是第一产业可转出人力资本减少，第二产业需求旺盛，而第三产业由于发展不足陷入低水平均衡状态。最后通过系统的影响因素分析发现，解决我国结构偏离和就业问题的重点在于优化需求结构、合理规划产业发展路径以及全面推进城镇化和市场化进程，关键更在于释放农村消费市场巨大潜力和全面加快第三产业发展。

Industrial Structure Deviation in the Case of Labor Heterogeneity and the Influence Factor——Based on the National Industry Data from 2006 to 2013

This essay carefully considers the heterogeneity of labor with the index of human capital and remeasures the structure devi-ation based on the calculation of human capital structure between the three industries . It finds that deviations of the first and tertiary industry were both overvalued , and shows that it is the decrease in the human capital the first industry transfers out , the strong demand of the sec-ondary industry and the low -level equilibrium state of the tertiary industry that gives rise to the 'labor shortage phenomenon' and the phe-nomenon of the difficulty for graduates to get jobs . At last , through a systematic analysis , this essay points out that to settle the structure deviation and employment problems in China , the emphasis is on the optimization of demand structure , the rational planning for the devel-opment paths of industries and the promotion of the processes of urbanization and market -orientation . What's more , the key is to release the tremendous potential of rural consumer market and to speed up development of tertiary industry .