劳动报酬占比变动的产业结构调整效应分析

劳动者报酬GDP占比下滑是中国劳动收入增长背景下的客观事实。在农村剩余劳动供给相对充裕条件下,劳动报酬占比变化反映了产业结构变迁中的劳动边际产出效率变化。二元经济下的工业化及三次产业结构调整和升级过程中,资本替代劳动是劳动报酬产业内效应变化的主要原因,边际生产率决定的劳动工资引导劳动要素从劳动报酬较高的农业部门向非农业部门转移是劳动报酬占比产业间效应下降的原因。随人口自然增长率下降,劳动力绝对供给能力面临下降,农村剩余劳动力相对供给能力减弱,劳动供给曲线左移将替代劳动边际生产率对劳动报酬的决定,直接提升产业间劳动力转移成本并带动产业内劳动力报酬提升。

An Analysis on the Ratio of Labor Payment to GDP Based on the Industrial Structural Effect

The ratio of labor payment to GDP fallows down while the absolute level of labor payment keep increasing.Under the condition of relative abundant rural surplus labor,the labor payment reflects the marginal productivity of labor force.During the industrialization and adjustment of industrial structure based on dual and system,the substitute of capital to labor is the main reason of the inter-industry effect that the labor transfer from primary industry to non-agriculture industry.The marginal productivity of labor force in different industry determines the direction of labor flow.As the natural rate of population decrease,the labor supply curve shift left,which will improve the labor cost.