企业外部知识网络能力的结构测量——基于结构洞理论的研究

以开放式创新模式下企业外部知识网络建设面临的挑战为基点,引入结构洞理论,基于对外部知识网络中结构洞的规划、占据、利用、剖析和拓展,识别企业外部知识网络能力的结构体系和内部作用机理;利用实证研究确定了涵盖网络构想能力、网络建构能力、网络利用能力、网络解构能力和网络重构能力等5个维度,共12个子维度和37个题项的企业外部知识网络能力测量量表。在此基础上,提出了"一纵一横"的企业外部知识网络能力的提升路径,即从战略层面到战术操作再回归到战略的纵向动态循环,以及从知识结点到知识链再到利益的横向持续推进。本研究从结构洞理论的视角揭示了企业外部知识网络能力的多维度构成和内部演化机理,研究结果弥补了现有研究中知识网络能力和一般网络能力之间、外部知识网络和内部知识网络之间模糊不清的不足,并能够为后续研究提供理论支撑和实证基础。

Research on the Structure and Measurement of Corporate External Knowledge Network Capability——Based on the Structural Holes Theory

This paper proposes five major challenges facing the company in process of building the external knowledge network capability.Then,with the introduction of structural holes theory,this paper continues on discussing the constitution of corporate external knowledge network capability and redefines its factors on the basic process of planning,occupation,utilization,analysis and development of the structure holes.Hereafter,the paper builds the structural system of the external knowledge network capability and investigates its internal mechanism.After that,based on the existing literature,through empirical research,this paper establishes a formal measurement scale which includes five dimensions(network conceiving capability,network constructing capability,network utilizing capability,network deconstructing capability and network reconstructing capability),and consists of 12 sub-dimensions and 37 items.Finally,the paper proposes the upgrading paths of the external knowledge network capacity,including the longitudinal dynamic cycle starting from the strategic planning to the tactical operations and then return to the strategy,and lateral continued advancement from knowledge nodes to knowledge chains and the interest acquirement.Above all,this paper focuses on the research of internal structure and evolvement mechanism of corporate external knowledge networks capability from the perspective of structural holes theory.The results could make up the deficiency of ambiguity between knowledge network capability and general network capability,between external knowledge network and internal knowledge network,and the findings could also provide theoretical support and empirical basis for the further research.