美国石油贸易变化趋势及其对全球的影响

近年来美国石油贸易格局发生了重要演变,主要体现在两个方面:一是原油进口量总体呈下降趋势,对外依存度大幅下滑,同时,原油进口来源发生重要变化；二是2011年美国出现60年来首次油品净出口,2012年以来油品净出口量进一步增加.美国石油贸易结构的变化趋势将对全球石油贸易格局产生重要影响,为全球其他主要石油消费国获取原油资源腾出更多空间,同时使油品出口导向型国家或地区面临更大挑战,也增加了中国主要石油公司海外炼厂开拓市场的难度.美国能源自给率提高为其他石油消费国的能源独立和能源安全提供了参考和借鉴.

Changing of the oil trade of the US and its influence on the globe

In recent years,the US oil trade pattern experienced important changes,which were mainly reflected in the following two aspects:First,the oil import volume of the US decreased and US’ dependency on the foreign countries reduced considerably;meanwhile,crude import sources changed significantly;Second,in 2011,the US became a net oil exporter for the first time in more than 60 years;its net export volume of oil products further increased in 2012.The changing of the US oil trade structure will have a significant influence on the global oil trade pattern:more room will be made available to other major oil consuming countries to obtain crude resources,oil product export oriented countries or regions will face greater challenges and the overseas refineries of China’s major oil companies will encounter increased difficulties in expanding their markets.The improvement in the energy selfsufficiency of the US provides reference and experience for other oil consuming countries to realize energy independence and ensure energy security.