富水岩溶铁路隧道水害成因及排水洞整治效果分析

以既有铁路拱桥铺隧道为依托，通过现场调查、地质分析等手段归纳隧道水害的典型特征，采用仿真模拟方法探究明确暴雨后高水位下隧道结构内力、位移与渗流场的规律特征，并探讨排水洞工程的整治效果。结果表明：连续强暴雨下岩溶地层的地下水位骤升、运营期排水系统的堵塞以及洞内过度泄水措施引发的水害风险是案例隧道水害发生的主要原因；经仿真数值模拟研究，创新提出邻近既有高铁隧道新增排水洞科学合理的空间位置和断面，有效解决运营安全问题；经排水洞整治后，外水压力(尤其是隧底)明显降低，仰拱隆起得到有效控制，即使面临高地下水位仍能保障运营隧道的结构安全与稳定。该研究对于后期岩溶隧道设计施工具有一定的实践指导意义，针对岩溶发育地区创新并提升地下岩溶发育及地下水勘探水平，科学优化隧道结构设计，确保运营安全。

Analysis on the Causes of Water Distress in Water-rich Karst Railway Tunnels and Treatment Effect of Drainage Tunnel

Based on the existing railway arch bridge paving tunnel, the typical characteristics of tunnel water damage is summarized through on-site investigation and geological analysis, simulation method is to explore and clarify the regular characteristics of internal force, displacement and seepage field of tunnel structure under high water level after heavy rainfall, and discusses the remediation effect of drainage tunnel engineering. The results show that the sudden rise of the groundwater level of the Karst formation under continuous heavy rainfall, the blockage of the drainage system during the operation period and the risk of water damage caused by excessive water discharge measures in the cave are the main reasons for the occurrence of water damage in the case tunnel. Through simulation numerical simulation research, the scientific and reasonable spatial location and section of the new drainage hole adjacent to the existing high-speed rail tunnel are innovatively proposed, which effectively solves the operational safety problem.After the drainage hole is remediated, the external water pressure (especially the bottom of the tunnel) is significantly reduced, and the upright arch uplift is effectively controlled. Even in the face of high water tables, the structural safety and stability of the operating tunnel can be guaranteed. It has certain practical guiding significance for the design and construction of Karst tunnels in the later stage, innovates and improves the level of underground Karst development and groundwater exploration in Karst development areas, scientifically optimizes the tunnel structure design, and ensures operational safety.