增加值视角下金砖国家制造业的贸易利得与竞争力研究

基于贸易增加值核算的基本原理，对金砖五国制造业出口增加值进行分解，同时利用标准显示性竞争指数测算金砖国家制造业竞争力，研究发现：中国的贸易利得与庞大的出口总额严重不匹配，其他金砖四国的贸易利得远远高于中国；对中国、巴西和印度而言，基于国内增加值测算的NRCA值要高于基于出口总额测算的NRCA值，而俄罗斯和南非恰恰相反；金砖五国在低技术制造业上表现出各自的竞争优势，除了中国在电子通信和光学设备制造业及机械制造业有相对的竞争优势外，金砖五国整体上在高技术产业层面与美日德等发达国家存在较大差距。应从培育高级要素、产能合作、共建科技创新体系等方面来提高金砖国家制造业竞争力。

A Study on the Trade Gains and Competitiveness of BRICS Manufactures from the Perspective of Value-Added

Based on the principle of value added in trade,it decomposed the manufacturing export value added of BRICS countries , and measured the manufacturing competitiveness of BRICS countries by using the normal revealed comparative advantage index. It found that China''s trade gains were significantly mismatched with large exports, and that the other BRIC countries were far more profitable than China; for China, Brazil and India, the NRCA index measured on the basis of domestic added value is higher than on the total exports, while Russia and South Africa are on the contrary; the BRICS countries show their respective competitive advantages in low-technology manufacturing, except for China having relative competitive advantages in electronic communications and optical equipment manufacturing and machinery manufacturing, the BRICS countries as a whole have a big gap with developed countries such as the United States, Japan and Germany in terms of high-tech industries.