加工贸易、劳动力成本与农民工就业——兼论新劳动法和次贷危机对我国加工贸易出口的影响

经济全球化推动了加工贸易的开展。我国的对外开放开始于加工贸易活动的开展,开展该项活动的经济体都是通过开放具有比较优势的劳动力市场吸引外部直接投资来从事加工装配活动。我国加工出口的快速增长得益于农村的经济体制改革和农村剩余劳动力转移带来的低劳动力成本,得益于改革开放后实施的出口导向战略,解决了农村大量剩余劳动力就业,我国在加工贸易分工和利益分配中所处的地位也是基本合理的,实施新劳动法等因素导致了劳动力成本大幅度上升。劳动力成本和商务成本上升已使我国东部地区在劳动密集产品加工装配环节的比较优势丧失,次贷危机也使加工出口的外部环境恶化,加工企业面临前所未有的困难,也带来了严重的失业问题。应鼓励加工企业及其配套产业向中西部地区转移。

Processing Trade,Labor Cost and Peasant-workers' Empolyment:The Effect of New Labor Law and subprime Lending Crisis on China's Processing export

Processing trade was impulsed by economic globalization. China's Opening-up started with developing the processing export. The economies developing processing export undertake processing and assembling through attracting FDI by opening their labor markets which have comparative advantages. The rapid growth in processing export was led by the lower cost of labor that resulted from the reform of rural economic system and the transfer of rural surplus labor. The export-oriented strategy being carried out in op...