国际人口迁移、信贷约束与人力资本积累

本文以收入不平等与经济增长的关系为基础,在信贷市场不完全的条件下,进一步考察了熟练劳动力跨国迁移对发展中国家人力资本积累及经济增长的影响。分析显示,基于跨国移民的"教育激励"效应对发展中国家的人力资本积累及经济增长的影响在短期和长期存在差异。短期中,基于跨国移民的"教育激励"效应会减缓"人才流失"效应对发展中国家人力资本积累及经济增长的负面影响,甚至可能会提高发展中国家熟练劳动力的比重,从而促进人均收入水平的提高。长期中,当代际转移收敛于稳态水平时,国际人口迁移不再具有"教育激励"效应,而国际人口迁移的"人才流失"效应则会继续损害人力资本积累,从而对发展中国家的人均收入产生负面影响。

International Migration,Credit Constraints and Human Capital Accumulation

As a potential benefit from international migration in source countries,the schooling incentives have been emphasized by growing literatures in recent years,but all of these literatures neglect the credit constraints on human capital investment.Based on the relationships of income inequality and economic growth,this paper analyzes how cross-board emigration affects human capital accumulation and economic growth by introducing the credit constraints.The results show that the schooling incentives have different effects on human capital accumulation and economic growth in the short run and the long run.In the short run,the schooling incentives can reduce the negative effects generated by the "brain drain" on human capital accumulation and economic growth,even may improve the proportion of skilled workers and increase the income per capital.In the long run,once the intergenerational transfer reaches the steady state level,the cross-board emigration doesn′t have the schooling incentives any more.However,the "brain drain" will continue hurting the human capital accumulation and generating negative effects on the income per capital.