技术差距如何影响FDI技术溢出效应?——基于中国制造业面板数据的实证分析

外商直接投资(FDI)技术溢出效应已是研究的热点,目前对溢出效应影响因素的研究正逐步深入,其中内外资企业间的技术差距是一个重要的方面。本文采用数据包络分析(DEA)测算了中国制造业行业层面FDI与本土企业的技术差距,进而采用面板数据以及交互项检验的方法,针对技术差距对FDI水平和垂直技术溢出效应的影响进行了实证研究。结果表明,外资相对国内企业越先进,行业内的国内企业获得水平的技术溢出效应越大,但该获得的后向技术溢出效应则越低。本文的政策启示是,最优的引进外资企业的数量和技术水平取决于行业特征和发展取向。

How the Technology Gap Influences the FDI Spillover Effect? An Empirical Analysis on Panel data of China′s Manufacture Industry

The spillover effects of FDI has been a research focus,and now people are more interested in the factors that influence the spillover effects such as technology gap between MNE and local enterprises.The article has an empirical analysis on the effects of technology gap on the horizontal and vertical spillover effects in China′s manufacture industry,based on DEA,panel data,and intercross variable analysis method.The results show that the more advanced the MNE′s technology the larger positive horizontal effect of MNE on local enterprises,however,the less backward spillover effects in the industry.The policy significance of the paper is that the amount and the technology of the FDI depend on the industries′ feature and the direction of development.