跨国公司理论范式之变:从垄断优势到寻求创造性资产

自海默提出垄断优势理论到邓宁折衷范式的形成,跨国公司理论虽然流派纷呈,但其基本的分析框架都是以垄断优势为核心,将跨国公司对外直接投资视为利用其现有优势的过程。跨国公司的发展促进了跨国公司理论的创新。20世纪90年代以来,理论界开始关注以寻求创造性资产为目标的对外直接投资的发展,形成了一系列有影响的研究成果。以寻求创造性资产为目标的对外直接投资成为跨国公司国际扩展的主要特征。这意味着跨国公司对外直接投资不仅是利用其特定优势的过程,而是建立新的优势的过程。创造性资产的分析视角突破了折衷范式的分析框架,对跨国公司理论的未来发展必将产生深远影响。

Change of Transnational Corporation Theory Paradigm: From the Monopolistic Advantages to Seeking Created Assets

Since 1990s, the theory field has begun to concentrate on the foreign direct investment based on seeking created assets, concerning series influential theories were formed. Moreover, this kind of investment has been becoming the mainstream of the transnational corporation overspreading around the world. It shows that foreign direct investment from transnational corporation is a process not only to exploit the existing advantages, but also to set up new advantages. The analysis view of the created assets is a breakthrough of the “Eclectic Paradigm”, and it will affect the transnational corporation theory development thoroughly in the future.