国家高新区设立能够提升城市全要素生产率吗？——基于261个地级市TFP分解数据的路径分析

国家高新区是培育经济增长新动能，实现区域经济高质量发展的重要政策载体，文章利用2001-2014年我国261个城市面板数据，通过渐进双重差分法研究国家高新区设立对城市全要素生产率的影响。研究发现：研究期内国家高新区的设立对城市全要素生产率造成显著的负面影响；从TFP的分解项来看，高新区设立促进了所在城市规模效率提高，却抑制了技术进步和技术效率提高；异质性分析结果表明上述作用具有显著城市等级异质性，在高行政等级城市设立高新区对城市全要素生产率具有促进作用。进一步运用工业企业数据库、微观土地转让数据、城市专利数据等进行机制分析发现，企业间资源错配和土地价格扭曲降低了技术效率，而技术创新下降和产业升级钝化是抑制技术进步的主要机制。

Can the Establishment of National High-Tech Zones Increase the Total Factor Productivity of the City? Path Analysis Based on the TFP Decomposition Data of 261 Prefecture-Level Cities

The national high-tech zone is an important policy carrier for cultivating new momentum for economic growth and realizing the high-quality development of the regional economy. This paper uses the panel data of 261 cities in China from 2001 to 2014 to analyze the impact of the establishment of national high-tech zones on the total factor productivity of the city through the progressive difference-in-differences method. The research found that the establishment of national high-tech zones during the study period significantly negatively affected the total factors Productivity of the city, and there are differences in this impact. High-tech zones have promoted the improvement of the scale efficiency of the city where they are located, but have inhibited technological progress and technological efficiency. The heterogeneity analysis results show that the impact has significant urban hierarchical heterogeneity, and the national high-tech zone promotes the total factor productivity of cities with higher administrative levels. Further analysis of mechanisms using industrial enterprise databases, micro-land transfer data, and urban patent data found that misallocation of resources between enterprises and distortion of land prices reduce technical efficiency, while decline in technological innovation and passivation of industrial upgrading are the main mechanisms that inhibit technological advancement. The above conclusions indicate that, at this stage, the construction ofthe national high-tech zones should focus on the coordination of resource allocation, improve the efficiency of resource allocation in the national high-tech zones according to the local conditions, promote technological upgrading and micro-subject innovation, and achieve the improvement of total factor productivity.