基于广义价值论的内生增长理论初探

增长理论是经济学的重要部分，关系到每一个人的福利和一个国家的地位。文章运用广义价值论研究经济增长问题，以分工为切入点，把分工产生的新增利益和该利益的公平分配统一起来，论述了递增性假设之外另一条增长的可能路径。主要结论如下：（1）基于比较优势的分工交换可以持续地产生比较利益即超过自给自足收益的净收益，这一收益不依赖于技术的递增或递减变化，具有普遍持久稳定性；（2）由分工交换产生的净收益构成原始积累的重要来源，既促进了生产规模和分工范围的扩大，又支持了研发和技术进步；（3）劳动生产力任何提高的效应都通过分工交换产生的比较利益加以放大，在一个分工交换系统中，行为主体提高比较优势产品和比较劣势产品的生产力分别具有正的和负的外部性；（4）基于广义价值论的内生经济增长体现了效率与公平的统一，一个好的制度是能够保证在交易中各方的比较利益率相等，掠夺性制度不仅直接损害经济增长，也不具备长期可持续性。

Preliminary Study in Endogenous Growth Theory Based on the General Theory of Value

Growth theory is an important part of economics, which is related to everyone's welfare and the status of a country. This paper studies the economic growth by using the General Theory of Value, taking the division of labor as the breakthrough point. Smith first discussed growth from the perspective of division of labor, whose mechanism is specialization to promote efficiency and increase total output. Smith's division of labor is called absolute advantage division of labor. Then, based on the more general principle of comparative advantage, Ricardo examines the division of labor from the perspective of trade. In his model, heterogeneity constitutes the basis of exchange, which scientifically explains why division of labor and interests still exist when one party's absolute advantage is less than the other.This paper generalizes the discussion of division of labor, unifies the new benefits generated by division of labor and the fair distribution of these benefits, and discusses another possible path of growth besides the assumption of increasing returns. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The exchange of division of labor based on comparative advantage can continuously produce comparative benefits, that is, the net income exceeding the self-sufficiency income, which does not depend on the increasing or decreasing change of technology, and has a general lasting stability; (2) The net income generated by the division of labor constitutes an important source of original accumulation, which promotes the expansion of production scale and the scope of division of labor; (3) The effect of any increase in labor productivity is amplified by the comparative benefits generated by division of labor and exchange. In a system of division of labor and exchange, there are positive externalities and negative externalities for actors to improve the productivity of comparative advantage goods and comparative disadvantage goods; (4) Endogenous economic growth based on the General Theory of Value embodies the unity of efficiency and fairness. This paper holds that a good system can ensure the equal rate of comparative interest in the transaction. Predatory system not only directly damages economic growth, but also has no long-term sustainability. There are also some deficiencies in the specific analysis of this paper. The work is mainly theoretical, and the empirical verification of the conclusions is worthy of further study.