工资对个人劳动供给的非线性影响：部门市场化程度差异视角

从市场经济体制的建立到经济社会高质量发展,我国不同部门市场化程度有所差异,劳动供给的部门异质性随之体现。基于中国劳动力动态调查数据,结合汉森门槛回归模型和劳动供给模型,依托部门市场化程度的差异性,文章探讨了工资对劳动力个人供给的非线性影响及其部门异质性。主要得出以下研究结论：第一,我国市场部门与公共部门劳动力的个人劳动供给有所差异。第二,工资与个人劳动供给呈现非线性关系并且存在部门异质性。实证分析结果显示,工资对个人劳动供给的影响存在三个"突变点",工资门槛均使得工资"激励效应"加强并呈现逐步增加的趋势。第三,劳动供给的工资门槛存在性别、城乡和行业异质性。第四,随着年龄增长、人力资本积累,个人劳动时间供给趋于降低,签署书面劳工合同使得市场部门劳动力工作时间显著增加,而政治面貌显著影响公共部门劳动供给。总体来看,无论是市场部门还是公共部门,我国劳动力个人供给曲线均未"向后弯曲",国民经济高质量发展、改善收入分配格局、提升居民幸福感等议题需持续关注。

Researchon the Nonlinear Effect of Wages on Individual Labor Supply: Perspectives on the Differences in the Degree of Sector Marketization

From the establishment of the market economy system to the high-quality economic and social development, the degree of marketization in different sectors may vary in China, and the sectoral heterogeneity of labor supply is reflected. Based on China Labor-force Dynamic Survey data, combined with Hansen's threshold regression model and labor supply model, relying on the differences in the degree of marketization of departments, the article explores the nonlinear impact of wages on labor supply and its departmental heterogeneity. The main conclusions of the research are as follows: First, there are differences in the individual labor supply of labor between the market sector and the public sector in China. The working hours of the two departments are beyond the legal working hours of China, and the problem of overwork is worthy of attention. Second, wages and individual labor supply present a non-linear relationship and there is departmental heterogeneity.The empirical analysis results show that there are three "mutation points" in the impact of wages on individual labor supply. The wage thresholds all strengthen the "incentive effect" of wages and show a gradual increase. The "incentive effect" of wages in the public sector and the market sector increase respectively. Third, the wage threshold of labor supply is heterogeneous in gender, urban and rural areas, and industries. Higher income groups such as men, urban labor, and the tertiary industry also have higher wage thresholds; Fourth, with the increase of age and the accumulation of human capital, the supply of individual labor time tends to decrease, and the signing of written labor contracts allows labor in the market sector to work Time has increased significantly, and the political outlook has significantly affected the labor supply in the public sector. Generally, whether it is in the market sector or the public sector, theindividual supply curve of my country’s labor force has not "bent backwards". Issues such as the high-quality development of the national economy, the improvement of the income distribution pattern, and the improvement of residents' happiness require continuous attention.