服务业对外直接投资的出口效应——基于我国微观企业的研究

文章基于我国服务业上市企业数据,采用多维固定效应模型,探讨和分析了我国服务业OFDI对服务贸易出口的影响,经研究发现：第一,服务业OFDI通过吸收东道国先进技术经验提升企业生产率水平和避开东道国服务贸易壁垒降低贸易成本,促进企业服务贸易出口增长;第二,我国服务业OFDI显著提升了企业服务贸易出口的二元边际,具体而言,整体上服务业OFDI会促进服务贸易出口增长4.82%,同时会提升企业的出口概率;第三,我国服务业OFDI"出口效应"存在明显的区域和行业的异质性,具体表现为：生产性服务业和消费性服务业OFDI存在显著的"出口效应",其OFDI带动服务贸易出口的增长分别为5.68%和3.52%,而公共服务业则不存在显著的"出口效应";东部地区和中部地区服务业OFDI存在显著的"出口效应",其OFDI带动区域服务贸易出口的增长分别为4.97%和3.56%,而西部地区则不存在显著的"出口效应"。上述研究结论对化解我国服务贸易出口增长困境和完善服务业对外直接投资政策机制具有一定的启示意义。

The Export Effect of Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Service Industry: Research on Micro Enterprises in China

With the emergence of counter globalization, the rise of trade protectionism and the global pandemic of COVID-19, the demand of foreign markets has shrunk seriously, and the development of service trade has been greatly affected. This paper analyzes and discusses the influence mechanism and action mechanism on the "export effect" of service trade of China's service industry's OFDI (Outward Foreign Direct Investment). Based on the data of China's service industry's listed enterprises, this paper adopts the multi-dimensional fixed effect model to explore and analyze the influence of China's service industry's OFDI on the export of service trade. This paper finds that:firstly, China's Service Industry OFDI promotes the total factor productivity level of Home Country Enterprises by absorbing the advanced technology and management experience of the Host Country, and forms the product comparative advantage in the foreign trade market, so as to promote the export of China's enterprises; At the same time, China's Service Industry OFDI can not only promote the export of enterprises by improving the level of enterprise productivity and reducing the trade cost, but also promote the export of enterprises by shortening the distance between the Home Country and the Host Country markets, reducing the trade cost. In short, China's OFDI in service industry can act on the "export effect" of China's OFDI in service industry by improving the productivity level of Home Country Enterprises and reducing trade costs. Secondly, OFDI of China's service industry significantly improves the binary margin of service trade export of enterprises, that is, OFDI of service industry has not only improved the export scale of service industry enterprises, but also has increased the export probability of enterprises. Specifically, on the whole, OFDI of service industry will promote the increase of 4.82% in service trade exports, and will increase the export probability of export enterprises and non-export enterprises; Thirdly, the "export effect" of OFDI in China's service industry has obvious regional and industrial heterogeneity, which is shown in the following aspects:OFDI in producer services and consumer services has significant "export effect"; OFDI in producer services can promote the export trade of producer services by 5.68%, OFDI in consumer services can promote the export trade of consumer services by 3.52%, while OFDI in public services has no obvious "export effect"; OFDI of service industry in the eastern region and the central region has the significant "export effect". OFDI in the eastern region can promote the export of regional service trade by 4.97%, while OFDI in the central region can promote the export of regional service trade by 3.56%, and OFDI of service industry in the western region has no significant "export effect". The above research conclusions have certain enlightenment significance for resolving the increase dilemma of China's service trade export and completing the OFDI policy mechanism of service industry.