异质性贸易成本与企业出口产品质量:机理与事实

文章基于Antoniades（2015）模型，将企业创新行为纳入企业产品质量模型，分析贸易成本变化对企业出口产品质量影响的微观机理，发现贸易成本上升对企业出口产品质量同时存在生产率门槛效应和创新抑制效应，生产率门槛效应会放大在位企业的生产率优势，促进企业出口产品质量提升；而创新抑制效应会削弱企业的创新水平，降低企业出口产品质量。采用中国微观企业数据检验相关结论发现：总体上，贸易成本上升显著的降低了企业出口产品质量，其中，贸易成本对劳动密集型企业和加工贸易企业的出口产品质量降低作用更大，而对资本密集型企业和一般贸易企业的降低幅度较小。中介效应的检验发现：贸易成本的生产率门槛效应和创新抑制效应同时存在，并且创新抑制效应更大，因此总体上，贸易成本会降低企业出口产品质量。

Heterogeneous Trade Cost and Export Product Quality: Mechanism and Evidence

Based on the Antoniades (2015) model, this paper puts the innovation behavior of enterprises into the model of enterprises' export products quality, analyzes the micro-mechanism of the impact of the change of trade cost on enterprises' export products quality, finding that the rise of trade cost has both the productivity threshold effect and innovation inhibition effect on enterprises' export products quality, and the productivity threshold effect will enlarge the productivity advantage of existing enterprises to promote the quality of export products; and the innovation inhibition effect will weaken the level of innovation and reduce the quality of export products. The empirical analysis show that:on the whole, the increase of trade cost significantly reduces enterprises' export products quality, among which, trade cost plays a greater role in reducing enterprises' export products quality of labor-intensive enterprises and processing trade enterprises. The test of intermediary effect shows that the productivity threshold effect and innovation inhibition effect of trade cost exist at the same time, and the innovation inhibition effect is greater, so on the whole, trade cost will reduce enterprises' export products quality.