不平衡时代的创新与创业研究

不平衡是新时代的基本特征。对于创新与创业而言,正是因为时代的不平衡而孕育了更多具有时代特色的创新想法和创业机会,也正是因为时代的不平衡为中国情境下的创新创业研究理论开发带来了更多挑战。在此背景下,首先,客观环境的不平衡来自创业者的主动感知,解决不平衡问题需要提高创业者的创新、创业能力,而能力的提升离不开创业认知加工和积极心理资本发挥作用。创业者通过环境扫描进行信息加工从而引发认知变革。创业团队知识和经验异质性带来了积极的心理资本。其次,合法性是创业企业在不平衡时代中得以生存和发展的"强心剂"。创业学习、关系网络都有助于企业获取合法性、解决新企业的合法性困境。创业企业战略选择和战略导向对于创业合法性也具有直接或间接的影响。最后,创业与创新融合下的商业模式创新逐渐成为不平衡时代的研究热点。商业模式创新需要适宜的资源开发、机会开发或机会-资源一体化开发行为支持,且机会、资源的开发还离不开由"环境-组织-个体"所组成的多层次影响因素发挥的联动效应。

The Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research in Unbalanced Era

Imbalance is a fundamental feature of the new era. On the one hand, it gives birth to plenty of innovation thinking and entrepreneurial opportunities. On the other hand, it brings a lot of challenges to the theory development of innovation and entrepreneurship research in Chinese context. Firstly, the imbalance of the environment comes from entrepreneurs' active perception. To solve the imbalance problem, it is necessary to improve entrepreneurs' innovation and entrepreneurship abilities, which are inseparable from the role of entrepreneurial cognition processing and positive psychological capital. Entrepreneurs process information through environmental scanning to trigger cognitive change. The knowledge and experience heterogeneity of entrepreneurial teams bring about positive psychological capital. Secondly, legitimacy plays a critical role for start-ups surviving and developing in the unbalanced era. Entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial networks are helpful for enterprises to obtain legitimacy. The entrepreneurial strategic choice and orientation have both direct and indirect influences on the entrepreneurial legitimacy. Thirdly, business model innovation has gradually become a research hotspot in unbalanced era. Business model innovation needs appropriate support of resources development, opportunities development and the integrated development of opportunities and resources. Moreover, these processes can be influenced by multi-level factors, such as environmental, organizational, and individual factors.