快速变化环境下的竞争优势建构机制研究——基于动态能力的视角

互联网的发展大大加快了环境变化的速度。如何在互联网所带来的快速变化环境中，尽可能地维持竞争优势?这成为了当前大多数中国企业无法回避的难题。复合基础观从资源整合的角度提出了基于静态资源的动态竞争优势建构的思路，但缺乏具体的实现路径；动态能力理论虽然从产品架构和操作常规的角度分别为资源的创新与整合提供了框架和操作机制，但是却没有整合这些零散的发现，为快速变化环境下的竞争优势构建提供一个系统性的分析框架。为弥补这一不足，文章通过腾讯和小米的案例研究，结合产品架构和操作常规两种视角，对企业通过动态能力构建快速变化环境下的竞争优势展开讨论。研究显示，企业可以通过不同类型的资源、产品架构和操作常规的动态匹配形成特定的动态能力，进而构建动态的竞争优势。这些结论既为环境快速变化情境下的战略管理提供了理论框架，也从情景化的角度，拓展了资源和动态能力的概念分类及维度。

On the Mechanism of the Competency Construction under Rapid Changing Environment: A Case Study based on Dynamic Capability

The development of the Internet has greatly accelerated the speed of environmental change. The problem "how to maintain the competitive advantage as much as possible in the rapidly-changing environment brought by the Internet?" has become an unavoidable problem for most Chinese enterprises. From the perspective of resource integration, the idea of dynamic competitive advantage construction based on static resources is put forward by Composition-Based-View, but there is no specific route to achieve it. Although dynamic capability theory provides a framework and operational mechanism for resource innovation and integration respectively from the perspective of product architecture and operational routine, it fails to integrate these scattered findings and provides a systematic analytical framework for competitive advantage construction in the rapidly changing environment. In order to make up for this deficiency, this paper, through the case studies of Tencent and MI, combined with two perspectives of product architecture and operation routine, discusses the competitive advantages of enterprises in a rapid-changing environment by means of dynamic capabilities. Research shows that enterprises can form specific dynamic capabilities through dynamic matching of different types of resources, product architectures and operational routines, and then build dynamic competitive advantages. These conclusions not only provide a theoretical framework for strategic management in the context of rapid-changes in the environment, but also expand the conceptual classification and dimension of resources and dynamic capabilities from the perspective of contextualization.