从公茂机器造船厂考察中华人民共和国初期“隐匿敌产”企业的改造

中华人民共和国初期私营企业的演变过程是当代企业史研究的重要内容之一。“五反”运动后,曾隐匿日伪财产的私营企业———上海公茂机器造船厂受到了上海市人民政府较彻底地清查而被定性为“隐匿敌产”企业,并由交通部接管成为国营企业。接管后的公茂机器造船厂进行了资产清点和债务清偿,又进行了民主改革和生产改革。在公茂机器造船厂基础上成立的交通部长江航务管理局第二船舶修理厂确立了新的治理结构,其生产模式逐步摆脱了公茂机器造船厂时期的经营惨淡状态,企业绩效得到了稳步提升,为最终转变为上海港口机械制造厂构建了基础。案例表明“隐匿敌产”企业社会主义改造的一般路径为:定性、没收、接管、转为国家投资。

A Study of the Reform of “Hidden Enemy Property” Enterprises in Early Days of New China:Based on the Gongmao Machinery Shipyard

The evolution of private enterprises in the early days of New China is one of the important contents in the study of the history of modern enterprises.After the " Five-Anti" Movement,the private enterprise,Gongmao Machinery Shipyard,which once concealed state property,was thoroughly investigated by the Shanghai Municipal People’s Government and identified as a "hidden enemy property" enterprise,which was taken over by the Ministry of Communications as a state-owned enterprise.After taking over,Gongmao Machinery Shipyard first carried out asset counting and debt liquidation,and then carried out democratic reform and production reform.Through above measures,the Second Ship Repair Plant of Changjiang Shipping Administration of Navigational Affairs,MOT,established on the basis of Gongmao Machinery Shipyard,had established a new governance structure,and its production mode had also undergone fundamental changes.Under various new institutional arrangements,the Second Ship Repair Plant of Changjiang Shipping Administration of Navigational Affairs,MOT,gradually got rid of the dismal state of operation during the period of Gongmao Machinery Shipyard,and its performance had been steadily promoted,which had laid a good foundation for the final transformation into SPMP.