城市最低生活保障兼有消费改善与劳动供给激励效应吗?

最低生活保障制度是我国社会保障体系中兜底性、基础性的制度安排,是保障民生、促进分配公平、维护经济安全和社会稳定的重要机制。本文通过对城市低保制度消费改善与劳动供给效应的综合评估发现,我国城市低保从整体上改善了受助家庭的消费状况,影响了受助家庭的消费结构,起到了提升经济福利的效果,但是对受助家庭的劳动供给激励效应还比较小。女性户主、劳动力技能低、抚养负担重的家庭,通过低保救助获得消费改善的同时,会出现减少劳动供给的倾向;男性户主、劳动力技能强、抚养负担轻的家庭,通过低保救助获得消费改善的同时,会出现增加劳动供给的倾向。下一阶段,建立健全分层分类的社会救助体系是我国实现高质量社会救助的关键所在。

Does the Urban Minimum Living Standard Guarantee Have the Effects on Consumption Improvement and Labor Supply Incentive?

The minimum living standard guarantee programme is bottom-line protection and fundamental institutional arrangement in social security system of China,and it is also an important mechanism to protect people’s livelihood,promote fair distribution and maintain economic security and social stability.Through comprehensive evaluation of the effects of urban minimum living standard guarantee(Dibao)on consumption improvement and labor supply,the paper finds that China’s urban Dibao has improved consumption of the assisted families as a whole and has impacted consumption structure,which has contributed to enhancement of economic welfare for the assisted families,while the incentive effect of urban Dibao on labor supply is still relatively small.For female-headed households,households with lowskilled labor and households with high dependency ratio,these kinds of households tend to reduce labor supply,while their consumption is improved by Dibao assistance;For male-headed households,households with high-skilled labor and households with low dependency ratio,these kinds of households tend to increase labor supply,while their consumption is improved by Dibao assistance.At the next stage,to establish and improve social assistance system with multiple levels and categories is the key to achieve highquality social assistance of China.