农村宅基地“三权分置”:历史演进与理论创新

在快速城镇化进程中,通过有效制度供给,优化农村宅基地利用管理,进而盘活农村闲置宅基地,以满足农民居住保障与土地财产权益诉求,成为推进乡村振兴战略亟待解决的关键问题。基于此,有必要将农村宅基地“三权分置”纳入乡村振兴的背景下探讨。在梳理新中国成立以来农村宅基地权属从“两权合一”、“两权分离”到“三权分置”历史演进的基础上,指出其遵循权能拓展与适度赋权的基本逻辑。基于乡村振兴的内在要求,农村宅基地“三权分置”的重大理论创新就在于全面拓展“三权”各自的功能定位形成“增量”权能,即分别具有管理功能、保障功能和财产功能的“三重复合功能”定位,进而助推乡村振兴战略的实现。

"Three Rights Separation"of Rural Homesteads:Historical Evolution and Theoretical Innovation

In the process of rapid urbanization,through effective institutional supply to optimize the management of rural homesteads′utilization,revitalizing the idle rural homesteads to meet the demands of farmers'housing security and land property rights,has become a key issue to be urgently solved in the promotion of rural revitalization strategies.Based on this,it is necessary to discuss the"three separation of rights"of rural homesteads into the background of rural revitalization.Based on the review of the historical evolution of the ownership of rural homesteads from"unification of two rights"and"separation of two rights"to"three rights separation"since the foundation of the People's Republic of China,it points out that it follows the basic logic of power expansion and appropriate empowerment.Based on the inherent requirements of rural revitalization,the major theoretical innovation in the"three rights separation"of rural homesteads lies in comprehensively expanding the respective functional positions of the"three rights"to form"incremental"capabilities———that is"triple compound functions"(including management functions,security functions and property functions)to further promote the realization of the rural revitalization strategy.