Migrate for education: An unintended effect of school district combination in rural China |
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| Institution: | 1. Central University of Finance and Economics, China;2. Beijing Normal University, China; IZA, Germany;1. Resources Environmental Economic Research Center of China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;2. School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China;3. Department of Geography, Kent State University, Kent, 800 E Summit St, Kent, OH 44240, USA;1. Vanderbilt University, VU Station B#351819, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA;2. Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences, 95 Beisihuandonglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China;1. Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China;2. Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;3. Southwestern University of Economics and Finance, Chengdu 610074, China;1. The Centre for Economic Research, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China;2. Department of Marketing and Management, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia;3. Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University, New South Wales 2109, Australia;4. The Social Policy Research Centre, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia;5. Department of Economics, Monash Business School, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia |
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| Abstract: | A large number of village primary schools in rural China were closed since the 1990s. This paper studies the impact of the reduction in the number of primary schools on the migration decision of rural residents. First, using China Health and Nutrition Survey that contains information on community characteristics, we find that both the disappearance of village primary school and the increased distance to nearby primary school increased the migration probability of village residents. Second, using the 1% population survey in 2005 and prefecture level information, we find that the decline in the number of primary schools between 2000 and 2004 increased the migration probability of rural residents. Exploring the heterogeneous effects, we find that the migration of individuals with primary-school-age children is more sensitive to the relocation of primary schools, and that the effect is stronger for families with boys than those with girls. These results suggest that human capital investment motive and regional education policy play an important role in China's urbanization process. |
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