从“G7时代”到“G20时代”——国际金融治理机制的变迁

2008年9月,美国金融危机的爆发对世界经济构成了严重威胁,也对始于1975年以七国集团(G7)为核心的国际金融治理模式提出了严峻挑战。由于传统国际金融治理机制的失灵,已经运转了十年的二十国集团(G20)从部长级会议正式提升为首脑级会议,并且在两年的时间里召开了五次首脑峰会,开创了既有国际机制的先例。在2009年的匹兹堡峰会上,二十国集团首脑峰会被正式制度化,并被提升为治理国际金融体系最主要的制度平台。国际金融治理机制发生了从G7时代向G20时代的重大转变。此次国际金融治理机制变迁的原因在于国际经济的权力结构发生了变化,传统的治理模式难以为继,而国际金融危机的爆发加剧了传统机制的失灵。作为一种新的制度模式,二十国集团适应了国际经济权力结构的变迁,而且在节约制度建设成本上具有相当大的优势。正因如此,二十国集团取代了七国集团成为国际社会应对金融危机最核心的机制,进而实现了国际金融治理机制的变迁。

From G7 Era to G20:The Transition of International Financial Governance Regime

In September 2008,the outbreak of the American financial crisis posed great challenges not only to the world economy,but also to the G7 pattern of international financial governance which was in operation since 1975. Due to the failure of the traditional financial governance regime, G20, which has already been in existence for 10 years, was promoted from the ministerial to the summit level. During the Pittsburgh Summit in 2009, the G20 summit was formally institutionalized and recognized as the main institu...