气候公约外多边机制对气候公约的影响

《联合国气候变化框架公约》是国际应对气候变化合作的主渠道。为推进该领域的国际合作,主要经济体能源与气候论坛等一些公约外涉及气候变化主题的多边协商机制陆续出现,并对公约下的谈判和公约框架下的国际合作产生了影响。这些机制与公约的关系定性地基本可分为包含、竞争、补充、交叉、平行和取代六类。进一步采用指标-空间距离法对这些机制与公约的紧密程度进行定量分析,结果表明,主要经济体能源与气候论坛对公约进程的影响最大,目前公约外机制尚不存在取代公约的可能性。各种公约外机制对公约的影响主要是通过技术支持、政治意愿和具有法律约束力的规定三类模式实现。

The Impacts on UN Climate Change Frameworks from Other Multilateral Mechanisms

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is the main platform for international cooperation on climate change. In order to promote further cooperation, other multilateral mechanisms, such as Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate (MEF), came into force. There are six types of relationship between these multilateral mechanisms and UNFCCC: inclusion, competition, complementation, intersection, parallel and substitution. The indicator-space distance method is further used to quantify the tightness of other multilateral mechanisms and the UNFCCC. It shows that MEF has the closest relationship with UNFCCC while all other multilateral mechanisms have no potential to replace the UNFCCC on international climate change cooperation. The impacts of multilateral mechanisms on the UNFCCC are through technical support, political desire and legal arrangement.