外国直接投资、加工贸易利益分配:U形价值链模型

文章指出,价值链各环节利益与市场结构和竞争力有关,一个国家在特定行业竞争力越大,就越能占据具有垄断优势的战略环节,提供价值链上越多的价值增加量。文章将企业价值链活动分为上游、中游、下游三个环节,并假定委托方为发达国家的跨国公司,代理人为发展中国家的加工企业,装配加工企业的产品通过加工贸易方式全部出口,加工贸易委托方决策服从收益最大化或成本最小化原则,从而建立了加工贸易U形价值链模型。分析表明,加工贸易利益的分配轨迹呈U形曲线,且会随着代理方数量的增加变得越来越陡峭,使代理方净贸易条件趋于恶化;跨国公司运用转移价格手段使U形曲线变得更加陡峭,代理方利益受损。这正是我国在国际分工中处于U形曲线底端的原因,我国贸易条件的变化与外国直接投资流入以及加工贸易发展有较大关系,单纯依靠数量扩张来改善收入贸易条件的空间越来越小,我国应把利用外资的主要目标放在外资的技术含量和产业结构调整上,应对成本动机的外国直接投资予以高度关注并给以必要的政策引导。

FDI and the Benefit Distribution of Processing Trade: The U Value Chain Model

The author points out that there is relationship between benefit in different sections in value chain and market structure and competitiveness,the greater the competitiveness,the greater the value in supply chain.The analysis shows that the benefit distribution of processing trade in the scope of FDI,builds the U value chain model of processing trade benefit distribution,answers the reasons why China locates in the low position in the international divide in work using some deductions and investigation conclusions.Because there is close relationship between change in the condition of trade in China,the inflow of FDI and the development of processing trade,the improvement of income trade condition only in terms of quantitive expanding is becoming difficult.So,China should pay more attention to the technological content and industrial restructure of foreign investment,and pay more attention to cost-drive FDI.