交通运输行业超限超载与黑车治理困境及突围——来自赏金猎人制度的借鉴

交通治理现代化是交通强国建设的重要支撑。交通运输行业超限超载与黑车现象屡禁不止的现实困境,一方面源于早期制度设计阶段遗留的逻辑障碍,一方面源于目前缺乏行之有效的规则来对此类问题进行限制和制约。尽管各级政府对黑车治理高度重视并采取了多种措施,但依然存在黑车辨识难、管理成本高、效率低等问题,尚未达到我国现有施政路线的要求。鉴于此,可抓住管理型政府向服务型政府转型的契机,遵循合法、合理、高效、经济的原则,通过比较分析美国赏金猎人制度来形成制度改革的借鉴。赏金猎人模式作为国外长期摸索得到的经验,有很多值得参考之处。现阶段,赏金猎人模式在我国已经具备试行的基础条件,不仅能够开拓视野,为当前我国面临的交通运输行业治理问题提供制度层面的启示,而且更为重要的是,能够为解决我国超限超载与黑车治理问题提供新的思路。当然,为避免简单借鉴或全盘照搬而导致的水土不服等落地性难题,需要围绕黑车治理困境和超限超载运输这两个具象背景,对不同国别法律解释上的差异加以创新并实现本地化,使之在立法层面稳固的前提下展示其优越性。

Dilemmas and Breakthrough of Overload and the "Black Car" Governance System in China’s Transportation Industry——the Experiences from Bounty Hunters

Transportation governance modernization is the important support for making China strong in transportation.The transportation industry’s overload and“black car”governance are generally subject to repeated and endless dilemmas.This aspect stems from the logical obstacles left by the earlier system design stage,and it also lies in the fact that there are currently no effective rules to solve the problem.At the same time,although governments at all levels have paid attention to and emphasized governance in stages,considering the difficulty of identifying black cars,high management costs,and low efficiency,it can be said that the governance combined with China's existing governance lines has not achieved ideal results.In this regard,the author looks at the opportunity for the transition from a managed government to a service-oriented government,which is legal,reasonable,efficient,and economically oriented.The author compares and analyzes the American bounty hunter system to form a reference for institutional reform.The bounty hunter model can provide us with reference based on the long-term experience,and it also shows a certain degree of innovation.At current situation,bounty hunter system can be a trial project in China;it can also provide us with a broad vision,suggestions,and new institutional way of thinking.To avoid the difficulties,we should localize the bounty hunter system.